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<TITLE>IO::Scalar</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY
bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#CC3366" vlink="#993366" alink="#FF6666">
<FONT FACE="sans-serif" SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.zeegee.com" TARGET="_top"><IMG SRC="icons/zeegee.gif" ALT="ZeeGee Software" ALIGN="RIGHT" BORDER="0"></A><A NAME="__TOP__"><H1>IO::Scalar</H1>
</A><UL>
<LI> <A HREF="#NAME">NAME</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#PUBLIC_INTERFACE">PUBLIC INTERFACE</A>
<UL>
<LI> <A HREF="#Construction">Construction</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#Input_and_output">Input and output</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#Seeking_telling_and_other_attributes">Seeking/telling and other attributes</A>
</UL>
<LI> <A HREF="#WARNINGS">WARNINGS</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#VERSION">VERSION</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</A>
<UL>
<LI> <A HREF="#Principal_author">Principal author</A>
<LI> <A HREF="#Other_contributors">Other contributors</A>
</UL>
<LI> <A HREF="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</A>
</UL>
</A>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="NAME"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> NAME</H2></A>
<P>IO::Scalar - IO:: interface for reading/writing a scalar
<P><HR>
<A NAME="SYNOPSIS"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> SYNOPSIS</H2></A>
<P>Perform I/O on strings, using the basic OO interface...
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
use 5.005;
use IO::Scalar;
$data = "My message:\n";
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open a handle on a string, and append to it:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
$SH->print("Hello");
$SH->print(", world!\nBye now!\n");
print "The string is now: ", $data, "\n";
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open a handle on a string, read it line-by-line, then close it:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
while (defined($_ = $SH->getline)) {
print "Got line: $_";
}
$SH->close;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open a handle on a string, and slurp in all the lines:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
print "All lines:\n", $SH->getlines;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Get the current position (either of two ways):
$pos = $SH->getpos;
$offset = $SH->tell;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Set the current position (either of two ways):
$SH->setpos($pos);
$SH->seek($offset, 0);
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open an anonymous temporary scalar:
$SH = new IO::Scalar;
$SH->print("Hi there!");
print "I printed: ", ${$SH->sref}, "\n"; ### get at value
</PRE></FONT>
<P>Don't like OO for your I/O? No problem.
Thanks to the magic of an invisible tie(), the following now
works out of the box, just as it does with IO::Handle:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
use 5.005;
use IO::Scalar;
$data = "My message:\n";
### Open a handle on a string, and append to it:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
print $SH "Hello";
print $SH ", world!\nBye now!\n";
print "The string is now: ", $data, "\n";
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open a handle on a string, read it line-by-line, then close it:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
while (<$SH>) {
print "Got line: $_";
}
close $SH;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open a handle on a string, and slurp in all the lines:
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
print "All lines:\n", <$SH>;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Get the current position (WARNING: requires 5.6):
$offset = tell $SH;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Set the current position (WARNING: requires 5.6):
seek $SH, $offset, 0;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Open an anonymous temporary scalar:
$SH = new IO::Scalar;
print $SH "Hi there!";
print "I printed: ", ${$SH->sref}, "\n"; ### get at value
</PRE></FONT>
<P>And for you folks with 1.x code out there: the old tie() style still works,
though this is <I>unnecessary and deprecated</I>:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
use IO::Scalar;
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Writing to a scalar...
my $s;
tie *OUT, 'IO::Scalar', \$s;
print OUT "line 1\nline 2\n", "line 3\n";
print "String is now: $s\n"
</PRE></FONT>
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
### Reading and writing an anonymous scalar...
tie *OUT, 'IO::Scalar';
print OUT "line 1\nline 2\n", "line 3\n";
tied(OUT)->seek(0,0);
while (<OUT>) {
print "Got line: ", $_;
}
</PRE></FONT>
<P>Stringification works, too!
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
my $SH = new IO::Scalar \$data;
print $SH "Hello, ";
print $SH "world!";
print "I printed: $SH\n";
</PRE></FONT>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="DESCRIPTION"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> DESCRIPTION</H2></A>
<P>This class is part of the IO::Stringy distribution;
see <A HREF="IO/Stringy.pm.html">IO::Stringy</A> for change log and general information.
<P>The IO::Scalar class implements objects which behave just like
IO::Handle (or FileHandle) objects, except that you may use them
to write to (or read from) scalars. These handles are
automatically tiehandle'd (though please see <A HREF="#WARNINGS">WARNINGS</A>
for information relevant to your Perl version).
<P>Basically, this:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
my $s;
$SH = new IO::Scalar \$s;
$SH->print("Hel", "lo, "); ### OO style
$SH->print("world!\n"); ### ditto
</PRE></FONT>
<P>Or this:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
my $s;
$SH = tie *OUT, 'IO::Scalar', \$s;
print OUT "Hel", "lo, "; ### non-OO style
print OUT "world!\n"; ### ditto
</PRE></FONT>
<P>Causes $s to be set to:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
"Hello, world!\n"
</PRE></FONT>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="PUBLIC_INTERFACE"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> PUBLIC INTERFACE</H2></A>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="Construction"><H3><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h2bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> Construction</H3></A>
<DL>
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:new">new [ARGS...]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Class method.</I>
Return a new, unattached scalar handle.
If any arguments are given, they're sent to open().
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:open">open [SCALARREF]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Open the scalar handle on a new scalar, pointed to by SCALARREF.
If no SCALARREF is given, a "private" scalar is created to hold
the file data.
<P>Returns the self object on success, undefined on error.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:opened">opened</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Is the scalar handle opened on something?
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:close">close</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Disassociate the scalar handle from its underlying scalar.
Done automatically on destroy.
</DL>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="Input_and_output"><H3><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h2bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> Input and output</H3></A>
<DL>
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:flush">flush</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
No-op, provided for OO compatibility.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:getc">getc</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Return the next character, or undef if none remain.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:getline">getline</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Return the next line, or undef on end of string.
Can safely be called in an array context.
Currently, lines are delimited by "\n".
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:getlines">getlines</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Get all remaining lines.
It will croak() if accidentally called in a scalar context.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:print">print ARGS...</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Print ARGS to the underlying scalar.
<P><B>Warning:</B> this continues to always cause a seek to the end
of the string, but if you perform seek()s and tell()s, it is
still safer to explicitly seek-to-end before subsequent print()s.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:read">read BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Read some bytes from the scalar.
Returns the number of bytes actually read, 0 on end-of-file, undef on error.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:write">write BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Write some bytes to the scalar.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:sysread">sysread BUF, LEN, [OFFSET]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Read some bytes from the scalar.
Returns the number of bytes actually read, 0 on end-of-file, undef on error.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:syswrite">syswrite BUF, NBYTES, [OFFSET]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Write some bytes to the scalar.
</DL>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="Seeking_telling_and_other_attributes"><H3><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h2bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> Seeking/telling and other attributes</H3></A>
<DL>
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:autoflush">autoflush</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
No-op, provided for OO compatibility.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:binmode">binmode</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
No-op, provided for OO compatibility.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:clearerr">clearerr</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I> Clear the error and EOF flags. A no-op.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:eof">eof</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I> Are we at end of file?
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:seek">seek OFFSET, WHENCE</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I> Seek to a given position in the stream.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:sysseek">sysseek OFFSET, WHENCE</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I> Identical to <CODE>seek OFFSET, WHENCE</CODE>, <I>q.v.</I>
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:tell">tell</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Return the current position in the stream, as a numeric offset.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:use_RS">use_RS [YESNO]</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Obey the curent setting of $/, like IO::Handle does?
Default is false in 1.x, true in 2.x and later.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:setpos">setpos POS</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Set the current position, using the opaque value returned by <CODE>getpos()</CODE>.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:getpos">getpos</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Return the current position in the string, as an opaque object.
<P><DT><B><A NAME="item:sref">sref</A></B></DT>
<DD>
<I>Instance method.</I>
Return a reference to the underlying scalar.
</DL>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="WARNINGS"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> WARNINGS</H2></A>
<P>Perl's TIEHANDLE spec was incomplete prior to 5.005_57;
it was missing support for <CODE>seek()</CODE>, <CODE>tell()</CODE>, and <CODE>eof()</CODE>.
Attempting to use these functions with an IO::Scalar will not work
prior to 5.005_57. IO::Scalar will not have the relevant methods
invoked; and even worse, this kind of bug can lie dormant for a while.
If you turn warnings on (via <CODE>$^W</CODE> or <CODE>perl -w</CODE>),
and you see something like this...
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
attempt to seek on unopened filehandle
</PRE></FONT>
<P>...then you are probably trying to use one of these functions
on an IO::Scalar with an old Perl. The remedy is to simply
use the OO version; e.g.:
<FONT SIZE=3 FACE="courier"><PRE>
$SH->seek(0,0); ### GOOD: will work on any 5.005
seek($SH,0,0); ### WARNING: will only work on 5.005_57 and beyond
</PRE></FONT>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="VERSION"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> VERSION</H2></A>
<P>$Id: Scalar.pm.html 625 2005-06-09 14:20:30Z nj7w $
<P><HR>
<A NAME="AUTHORS"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> AUTHORS</H2></A>
<P><HR>
<A NAME="Principal_author"><H3><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h2bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> Principal author</H3></A>
<P>Eryq (<I><FILE><A HREF="mailto:eryq@zeegee.com">eryq@zeegee.com</A></FILE></I>).
President, ZeeGee Software Inc (<I><FILE><A HREF="http://www.zeegee.com">http://www.zeegee.com</A></FILE></I>).
<P><HR>
<A NAME="Other_contributors"><H3><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h2bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> Other contributors</H3></A>
<P>The full set of contributors always includes the folks mentioned
in <A HREF="IO/Stringy.pm.html#CHANGE_LOG">CHANGE LOG</A>. But just the same, special
thanks to the following individuals for their invaluable contributions
(if I've forgotten or misspelled your name, please email me!):
<P><I>Andy Glew,</I>
for contributing <CODE>getc()</CODE>.
<P><I>Brandon Browning,</I>
for suggesting <CODE>opened()</CODE>.
<P><I>David Richter,</I>
for finding and fixing the bug in <CODE>PRINTF()</CODE>.
<P><I>Eric L. Brine,</I>
for his offset-using read() and write() implementations.
<P><I>Richard Jones,</I>
for his patches to massively improve the performance of <CODE>getline()</CODE>
and add <CODE>sysread</CODE> and <CODE>syswrite</CODE>.
<P><I>B. K. Oxley (binkley),</I>
for stringification and inheritance improvements,
and sundry good ideas.
<P><I>Doug Wilson,</I>
for the IO::Handle inheritance and automatic tie-ing.
<P><HR>
<A NAME="SEE_ALSO"><H2><A HREF="#__TOP__"><IMG SRC="icons/h1bullet.gif" ALT="Top" BORDER="0"></A> SEE ALSO</H2></A>
<P><A HREF="IO/String.pm.html">IO::String</A>, which is quite similar but which was designed
more-recently and with an IO::Handle-like interface in mind,
so you could mix OO- and native-filehandle usage without using tied().
<P><I>Note:</I> as of version 2.x, these classes all work like
their IO::Handle counterparts, so we have comparable
functionality to IO::String.
<P><HR>
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