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<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h1 class="title"><a id="internet-networks"></a>Chapter 7. Connecting to Internet and Networks</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p>
<strong>Table of Contents</strong>
</p>
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="internet-networks.html#network-connections">Network connections</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting">Network troubleshooting</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="internet-networks.html#connecting-servers">Connecting to servers</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p>Xubuntu uses <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> to manage wired, wireless, mobile broadband, VPN and DSL connections. <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> also keeps passwords secure by utilizing the user's keyring to store passphrases.</p>
<p><span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> is the little icon in the upper panel in the top right of your screen. When not connected, the icon shows two grayed out arrows pointing up and down. When you are connected, the icon is different depending on the network type in use.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="network-connections"></a>Network connections</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-connect-disconnect"></a>Connecting and disconnecting</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> will automatically use a wired network, if one is available.</p>
<p>To see all available connections, click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon. To connect to a network, click the network name.</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
<img alt="[Note]" src="../libs/admon/note.png" />
</td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>If you are connecting to a wireless network for the first time, security details may be needed. If so, a dialog box will open. In most cases, the security type will be detected automatically. If not, select the security type from the <em class="guilabel">Wi-Fi Security</em> drop-down box, enter the authentication details and press <span class="guibutton"><strong>Connect</strong></span>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p>To disconnect from a network, click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon, and select Disconnect under the appropriate connection type. To disable (and re-enable) wired and/or wireless connections all together, click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon and select <span class="guimenuitem">Enable Networking</span> and <span class="guimenuitem">Enable Wi-Fi</span>. These choices are toggles. Their enabled/disabled status is indicated by the presence/absence of a check mark.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-configure"></a>Configuring connections</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>If you need to configure your connections, click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon and select <span class="guimenuitem">Edit</span>. In the dialog, you will see expandable rows for each connection type. Select the appropriate network and press <span class="guibutton"><strong>Edit</strong></span> or press <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add</strong></span> to set up new networks.</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
<img alt="[Note]" src="../libs/admon/note.png" />
</td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>To be able to connect to certain networks you might need connection details which you will get from your network administrator or your Internet Service Provider.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-information"></a>Connection information</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>To see the connection information, click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon and select <span class="guimenuitem">Information</span>. Your active network connections will be displayed in the <em class="guilabel">Active Connections</em> dialog, each in a separate tab.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-sharing"></a>Sharing your connection to another computer</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can share your connection to another computer using an Ethernet cable. This can be carried out by clicking the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon, selecting <span class="guimenuitem">Edit</span>, and then adding a new wireless connection (or editing the existing one). In the connection properties window, select <em class="guilabel">IPv4 Settings</em>, and change <em class="guilabel">Method</em> to <em class="guilabel">Shared to other computers</em> from the drop-down list.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-modems"></a>Dialup modems</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Unfortunately, dialup modems are not supported by <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span>. To read about connecting with a dialup modem, please refer to the <a class="ulink" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto" target="_top">Dialup modem How-to</a> on the Ubuntu community wiki.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="network-troubleshooting"></a>Network troubleshooting</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Before attempting any troubleshooting, ensure that the network connections are enabled:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Click the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon in the notification area</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Check <span class="guimenuitem">Enable Networking</span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Check <span class="guimenuitem">Enable Wi-Fi</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>If your network connection still doesn't work:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>For wired (Ethernet) connections, please see <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-general" title="General troubleshooting">the section called “General troubleshooting”</a></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>For wireless connections, please see both <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-general" title="General troubleshooting">the section called “General troubleshooting”</a> and <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-wireless" title="Wireless troubleshooting">the section called “Wireless troubleshooting”</a></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>If your network connection problems are still not resolved, see <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-advanced" title="Advanced troubleshooting">the section called “Advanced troubleshooting”</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-general"></a>General troubleshooting</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>If your network connection is not working properly, there are a few tools that can be used to help diagnose the problem.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-information"></a>Get information about the current connection</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>To get information about your network connection and network devices, you have two options:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Using <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span></p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Click on the <span class="application"><strong>NetworkManager</strong></span> icon</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Select <span class="guimenuitem">Information</span>. If <em class="guilabel">Information</em> is disabled, it is likely there is no active connection. Try using <span class="application"><strong>ifconfig</strong></span> to find out more.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Each active connection will have its own tab where you can find relevant connection information</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Using <span class="application"><strong>ifconfig</strong></span></p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>ifconfig</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="application"><strong>ifconfig</strong></span> will show you extensive information about your connection, including logical or connection name(s) (e.g. eth1) in the left column, IP address in the <em class="guilabel">inet addr</em> column and the MAC address for your device in the <em class="guilabel">HWaddr</em> column</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-working"></a>Check if a connection is working properly</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>A reliable method to check if a connection is working properly is to ping another computer on the network or the Internet.</p>
<p>To check if your computer is connected to the Internet, open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>ping -c 3 www.xubuntu.org</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span></p>
<p>The computer will then attempt to contact www.xubuntu.org three times and display the results. The ping statistics display the number of packets transmitted, how many packets were received, the percentage of packet loss, and the total time spent.</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>0% packet loss indicates that your computer is connected to the Internet</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Greater than 0% but less than 100% packet loss indicates that your computer has a poor connection to the Internet or a poor wireless signal</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>100% packet loss indicates that your computer has a very bad connection, or is connected to an access point or router that is not connected to the Internet</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>If you get an error message that says "www.xubuntu.org can not be found" or "unknown host", then your computer is probably not connected to the Internet or is unable to reach a Domain Name System (DNS) server.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-wireless"></a>Wireless troubleshooting</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This section covers some common problems faced with wireless support. There is much more information available in the <a class="ulink" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs" target="_top">Community Help Wiki</a>.</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
<img alt="[Note]" src="../libs/admon/note.png" />
</td>
<th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Please note that the steps in this troubleshooting guide are designed to be carried out in the order shown, unless you are pointed to a different subsection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshoothing-wifi-on"></a>Check that the device is turned on</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Many wireless network devices can be turned on or off. Check for a hardware switch or a keyboard function key to turn the wireless device on.</p>
<p>If the device is turned on, continue to the next topic.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-device-recognized"></a>Check if the device is recognized</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo lshw -C network</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span>. You will see some output, along with the words <em class="guilabel">CLAIMED</em>, <em class="guilabel">UNCLAIMED</em>, <em class="guilabel">ENABLED</em> or <em class="guilabel">DISABLED</em>.</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p><em class="guilabel">CLAIMED</em> indicates that a driver is loaded but not functioning. Continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-ndiswrapper" title="Using Windows wireless drivers">the section called “Using Windows wireless drivers”</a>.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><em class="guilabel">UNCLAIMED</em> indicates that there is no driver loaded. Continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-ndiswrapper" title="Using Windows wireless drivers">the section called “Using Windows wireless drivers”</a>.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><em class="guilabel">ENABLED</em> indicates that the driver is installed and working. Continue to section <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-router" title="Checking for a connection to the router">the section called “Checking for a connection to the router”</a>.</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><em class="guilabel">DISABLED</em> indicates the driver is installed, but disabled. Continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshoothing-wifi-on" title="Check that the device is turned on">the section called “Check that the device is turned on”</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-ndiswrapper"></a>Using Windows wireless drivers</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Xubuntu supports a system known as <span class="application"><strong>NDISWrapper</strong></span>. This allows you to use a Windows wireless device driver under Xubuntu. To start using <span class="application"><strong>NDISWrapper</strong></span>:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Obtain the Windows driver for your network device and locate the file that ends with .inf</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Install the <code class="literal"><span class="inline-icon-pkg"><img src="../libs/images/package_icon.png" /></span>ndisgtk</code> package</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Go to <span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><span class="inline-icon-submenu"><img src="../libs/images/preferences-desktop.png" /></span> Settings Manager</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Windows Wireless Drivers</span></strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Install new driver</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Choose the location of your Windows .inf file and click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Install</strong></span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-router"></a>Checking for a connection to the router</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>iwconfig</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span>.</p>
<p>If the <em class="guilabel">ESSID</em> for your router is displayed, there may be a problem with ACPI support. Boot Xubuntu with the <code class="literal">pci=noacpi</code> option.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-advanced"></a>Advanced troubleshooting</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The following troubleshooting methods are a bit more technical. Please try these methods only if the above methods failed.</p>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-ip-assignment"></a>Checking IP assignment</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>ifconfig</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span>. If there is an IP address displayed, continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-dns" title="Check Domain Name Servers (DNS)">the section called “Check Domain Name Servers (DNS)”</a>.</p>
<p>From the terminal enter the following command, replacing <code class="literal">eth1</code> with the name of the connection shown in the output from the <span class="application"><strong>ifconfig</strong></span> command: <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo dhclient eth1</code></strong></p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>If you receive a message that says bound to <code class="literal">xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</code> continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-troubleshooting-dns" title="Check Domain Name Servers (DNS)">the section called “Check Domain Name Servers (DNS)”</a></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>If not, reboot the system</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title"><a id="network-troubleshooting-dns"></a>Check Domain Name Servers (DNS)</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>nm-tool</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span>.</p>
<p>To check if the listed DNS works, open a terminal (<span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">Accessories</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Terminal Emulator</span></strong></span>) and type the command <strong class="userinput"><code>dig xubuntu.org</code></strong> and press <span class="keycap"><strong><span class="inline-icon-key"><img src="../libs/images/key_icon.png" /></span>Enter</strong></span>. If you see the word <code class="literal">NOERROR</code>in the header section of the output, your DNS is working.</p>
<p>If there are no DNS settings listed, contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP), and find out your primary and secondary domain name servers. Once you have this information, continue to <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-connect-disconnect" title="Connecting and disconnecting">the section called “Connecting and disconnecting”</a> and <a class="xref" href="internet-networks.html#network-configure" title="Configuring connections">the section called “Configuring connections”</a> if needed.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="connecting-servers"></a>Connecting to servers</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>To connect to various types of servers, you can use <span class="application"><strong><span class="guiicon"><span class="inline-icon-menu"><img src="../libs/images/menu_icon.png" /></span></span> → <span class="guisubmenu">System</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Gigolo</span></strong></span>. To connect to a server, follow the steps below:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>Go to <span class="guimenu">Actions</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Connect</span></p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Select the appropriate <em class="guilabel">Service type</em> and insert connection information</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Connect</strong></span>; if you are attempting to connect to a server that requires you to log in, you will be prompted to enter a password</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<p>Upon successfully connecting to the server, an icon labeled with connection details will appear in the <span class="application"><strong>Gigolo</strong></span> window. To bookmark connections, right-click on a connection and select <span class="guimenuitem">Create Bookmark</span>. In the <em class="guilabel">Edit Bookmarks</em> dialog, you can name the bookmark and set other options, including the option to auto-connect. Once you are done, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span> to create the bookmark.</p>
<div class="tip" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
<img alt="[Tip]" src="../libs/admon/tip.png" />
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<th align="left"></th>
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<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>The Windows Share username should be in the format DOMAIN\username</p>
</td>
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<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
<img alt="[Note]" src="../libs/admon/note.png" />
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<p>For SAMBA Networks (Windows shares), the package <code class="literal"><span class="inline-icon-pkg"><img src="../libs/images/package_icon.png" /></span>gvfs-backends</code> needs to be installed in order to connect using the <span class="application"><strong>Thunar File Manager</strong></span>.</p>
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<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 6. Media applications </td>
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