perl-tk 1:804.031-1build1 / usr / lib / perl5 / Tk / Scrollbar.pod

#  Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
#  Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
#  See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
#  of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
#
#

=head1 NAME

Tk::Scrollbar - Create and manipulate Scrollbar widgets

=for category  Tk Widget Classes

=head1 SYNOPSIS

I<$scrollbar> = I<$parent>-E<gt>B<Scrollbar>(?I<options>?);

=head1 STANDARD OPTIONS

B<-activebackground>	B<-highlightbackground>	B<-orient>	B<-takefocus>
B<-background>	B<-highlightcolor>	B<-relief>	B<-troughcolor>
B<-borderwidth>	B<-highlightthickness>	B<-repeatdelay>
B<-cursor>	B<-jump>	B<-repeatinterval>

See L<Tk::options> for details of the standard options.

=head1 WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

=over 4

=item Name:	B<activeRelief>

=item Class:	B<ActiveRelief>

=item Switch:	B<-activerelief>

Specifies the relief to use when displaying the element that is
active, if any.
Elements other than the active element are always displayed with
a raised relief.

=item Name:	B<command>

=item Class:	B<Command>

=item Switch:	B<-command>

Specifies a callback to invoke to change the view
in the widget associated with the scrollbar.  When a user requests
a view change by manipulating the scrollbar, the callback is
invoked.  The callback is passed
additional arguments as described later. This option almost always has
a value such as B<[xview =E<gt> $widget]> or B<[yview =E<gt> $widget]>, consisting of the
a widget object and either B<xview> (if the scrollbar is for
horizontal scrolling) or B<yview> (for vertical scrolling).
All scrollable widgets have B<xview> and B<yview> methods
that take exactly the additional arguments appended by the scrollbar
as described in L<"SCROLLING COMMANDS"> below.

=item Name:	B<elementBorderWidth>

=item Class:	B<BorderWidth>

=item Switch:	B<-elementborderwidth>

Specifies the width of borders drawn around the internal elements
of the scrollbar (the two arrows and the slider).  The value may
have any of the forms acceptable to B<Tk_GetPixels>.
If this value is less than zero, the value of the B<borderWidth>
option is used in its place.

=item Name:	B<width>

=item Class:	B<Width>

=item Switch:	B<-width>

Specifies the desired narrow dimension of the scrollbar window,
not including 3-D border, if any.  For vertical
scrollbars this will be the width and for horizontal scrollbars
this will be the height.
The value may have any of the forms acceptable to B<Tk_GetPixels>.

=back

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The B<Scrollbar> method creates a new window (given by the
$widget argument) and makes it into a scrollbar widget.
Additional options, described above, may be specified on the command
line or in the option database to configure aspects of the scrollbar
such as its colors, orientation, and relief.
The B<scrollbar> command returns its $widget argument.
At the time this command is invoked, there must not exist a window
named $widget, but $widget's parent must exist.

A scrollbar is a widget that displays two arrows, one at each end of
the scrollbar, and a I<slider> in the middle portion of the
scrollbar.
It provides information about what is visible in an I<associated window>
that displays an document of some sort (such as a file being edited or
a drawing).
The position and size of the slider indicate which portion of the
document is visible in the associated window.  For example, if the
slider in a vertical scrollbar covers the top third of the area
between the two arrows, it means that the associated window displays
the top third of its document.

Scrollbars can be used to adjust the view in the associated window
by clicking or dragging with the mouse.
See L<"BINDINGS"> below for details.

=head1 ELEMENTS

A scrollbar displays five elements, which are referred to in the
methods for the scrollbar:

=over 4

=item B<arrow1>

The top or left arrow in the scrollbar.

=item B<trough1>

The region between the slider and B<arrow1>.

=item B<slider>

The rectangle that indicates what is visible in the associated widget.

=item B<trough2>

The region between the slider and B<arrow2>.

=item B<arrow2>

The bottom or right arrow in the scrollbar.

=back

=head1 WIDGET METHODS

The B<Scrollbar> method creates a widget object.
This object supports the B<configure> and B<cget> methods
described in L<Tk::options> which can be used to enquire and
modify the options described above.
The widget also inherits all the methods provided by the generic
L<Tk::Widget|Tk::Widget> class.

The following additional methods are available for scrollbar widgets:

=over 4

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<activate>(?I<element>?)

Marks the element indicated by I<element> as active, which
causes it to be displayed as specified by the B<activeBackground>
and B<activeRelief> options.
The only element values understood by this command are B<arrow1>,
B<slider>, or B<arrow2>.
If any other value is specified then no element of the scrollbar
will be active.
If I<element> is not specified, the command returns
the name of the element that is currently active, or an empty string
if no element is active.

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<delta>(I<deltaX, deltaY>)

Returns a real number indicating the fractional change in
the scrollbar setting that corresponds to a given change
in slider position.  For example, if the scrollbar is horizontal,
the result indicates how much the scrollbar setting must change
to move the slider I<deltaX> pixels to the right (I<deltaY> is
ignored in this case).
If the scrollbar is vertical, the result indicates how much the
scrollbar setting must change to move the slider I<deltaY> pixels
down.  The arguments and the result may be zero or negative.

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<fraction>(I<x, y>)

Returns a real number between 0 and 1 indicating where the point
given by I<x> and I<y> lies in the trough area of the scrollbar.
The value 0 corresponds to the top or left of the trough, the
value 1 corresponds to the bottom or right, 0.5 corresponds to
the middle, and so on.
I<X> and I<y> must be pixel coordinates relative to the scrollbar
widget.
If I<x> and I<y> refer to a point outside the trough, the closest
point in the trough is used.

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<get>

Returns the scrollbar settings in the form of a list whose
elements are the arguments to the most recent B<set> method.

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<identify>(I<x, y>)

Returns the name of the element under the point given by I<x> and
I<y> (such as B<arrow1>), or an empty string if the point does
not lie in any element of the scrollbar.
I<X> and I<y> must be pixel coordinates relative to the scrollbar
widget.

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<set>(I<first, last>)

This command is invoked by the scrollbar's associated widget to
tell the scrollbar about the current view in the widget.
The command takes two arguments, each of which is a real fraction
between 0 and 1.
The fractions describe the range of the document that is visible in
the associated widget.
For example, if I<first> is 0.2 and I<last> is 0.4, it means
that the first part of the document visible in the window is 20%
of the way through the document, and the last visible part is 40%
of the way through.

=back

=head1 SCROLLING COMMANDS

When the user interacts with the scrollbar, for example by dragging
the slider, the scrollbar notifies the associated widget that it
must change its view.
The scrollbar makes the notification by evaluating a callback
specified as the scrollbar's B<-command> option.
The callback may take several forms.
In each case, the initial arguments passed are those
specified in the B<-command> callback itself,
which usually has a form like [B<yview> =E<gt> I<$widget>].
(Which will invoke I<$widget>-E<gt>B<yview>(...) where
the ... part is as below. See L<Tk::callbacks> for details.)
The callback is passed additional arguments as follows:

=over 4

=item B<moveto>,I<fraction>

I<Fraction> is a real number between 0 and 1.
The widget should adjust its view so that the point given
by I<fraction> appears at the beginning of the widget.
If I<fraction> is 0 it refers to the beginning of the
document.  1.0 refers to the end of the document, 0.333
refers to a point one-third of the way through the document,
and so on.

=item B<scroll,>I<number,>B<units>

The widget should adjust its view by I<number> units.
The units are defined in whatever way makes sense for the widget,
such as characters or lines in a text widget.
I<Number> is either 1, which means one unit should scroll off
the top or left of the window, or -1, which means that one unit
should scroll off the bottom or right of the window.

=item B<scroll>,I<number>,B<page>

The widget should adjust its view by I<number> pages.
It is up to the widget to define the meaning of a page;  typically
it is slightly less than what fits in the window, so that there
is a slight overlap between the old and new views.
I<Number> is either 1, which means the next page should
become visible, or -1, which means that the previous page should
become visible.

=back

=head1 OLD COMMAND SYNTAX

In versions of Tk before 4.0, the B<set> and B<get> widget
commands used a different form.
This form is still supported for backward compatibility, but it
is deprecated.
In the old command syntax, the B<set> method has the
following form:

=over 4

=item I<$scrollbar>-E<gt>B<set>(I<totalUnits, windowUnits, firstUnit, lastUnit>)

In this form the arguments are all integers.
I<TotalUnits> gives the total size of the object being displayed in the
associated widget.  The meaning of one unit depends on the associated
widget;  for example, in a text editor widget units might
correspond to lines of
text.  I<WindowUnits> indicates the total number of units that
can fit in the associated window at one time.  I<FirstUnit>
and I<lastUnit> give the indices of the first and last units
currently visible in the associated window (zero corresponds to the
first unit of the object).

=back

Under the old syntax the B<get> method returns a list
of four integers, consisting of the I<totalUnits>, I<windowUnits>,
I<firstUnit>, and I<lastUnit> values from the last B<set>
method.

The callbacks generated by scrollbars also have a different form
when the old syntax is being used, the callback is passed a single argument:

=over 4

=item I<unit>

I<Unit> is an integer that indicates what should appear at
the top or left of the associated widget's window.
It has the same meaning as the I<firstUnit> and I<lastUnit>
arguments to the B<set> method.

=back

The most recent B<set> method determines whether or not
to use the old syntax.
If it is given two real arguments then the new syntax will be
used in the future, and if it is given four integer arguments then
the old syntax will be used.

=head1 BINDINGS

Tk automatically creates class bindings for scrollbars that give them
the following default behavior.
If the behavior is different for vertical and horizontal scrollbars,
the horizontal behavior is described in parentheses.

=over 4

=item [1]

Pressing button 1 over B<arrow1> causes the view in the
associated widget to shift up (left) by one unit so that the
document appears to move down (right) one unit.
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.

=item [2]

Pressing button 1 over B<trough1> causes the view in the
associated widget to shift up (left) by one screenful so that the
document appears to move down (right) one screenful.
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.

=item [3]

Pressing button 1 over the slider and dragging causes the view
to drag with the slider.
If the B<jump> option is true, then the view doesn't drag along
with the slider;  it changes only when the mouse button is released.

=item [4]

Pressing button 1 over B<trough2> causes the view in the
associated widget to shift down (right) by one screenful so that the
document appears to move up (left) one screenful.
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.

=item [5]

Pressing button 1 over B<arrow2> causes the view in the
associated widget to shift down (right) by one unit so that the
document appears to move up (left) one unit.
If the button is held down, the action auto-repeats.

=item [6]

If button 2 is pressed over the trough or the slider, it sets
the view to correspond to the mouse position;  dragging the
mouse with button 2 down causes the view to drag with the mouse.
If button 2 is pressed over one of the arrows, it causes the
same behavior as pressing button 1.

=item [7]

If button 1 is pressed with the Control key down, then if the
mouse is over B<arrow1> or B<trough1> the view changes
to the very top (left) of the document;  if the mouse is over
B<arrow2> or B<trough2> the view changes
to the very bottom (right) of the document;  if the mouse is
anywhere else then the button press has no effect.

=item [8]

In vertical scrollbars the Up and Down keys have the same behavior
as mouse clicks over B<arrow1> and B<arrow2>, respectively.
In horizontal scrollbars these keys have no effect.

=item [9]

In vertical scrollbars Control-Up and Control-Down have the same
behavior as mouse clicks over B<trough1> and B<trough2>, respectively.
In horizontal scrollbars these keys have no effect.

=item [10]

In horizontal scrollbars the Up and Down keys have the same behavior
as mouse clicks over B<arrow1> and B<arrow2>, respectively.
In vertical scrollbars these keys have no effect.

=item [11]

In horizontal scrollbars Control-Up and Control-Down have the same
behavior as mouse clicks over B<trough1> and B<trough2>, respectively.
In vertical scrollbars these keys have no effect.

=item [12]

The Prior and Next keys have the same behavior
as mouse clicks over B<trough1> and B<trough2>, respectively.

=item [13]

The Home key adjusts the view to the top (left edge) of the document.

=item [14]

The End key adjusts the view to the bottom (right edge) of the document.

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Tk::callbacks|Tk::callbacks>
L<Tk::Scrolled|Tk::Scrolled>

=head1 KEYWORDS

scrollbar, widget

=cut