perl-tk 1:804.031-1build1 / usr / lib / perl5 / Tk / composite.pod

# $Id: composite.pod 1.2 Wed, 12 Nov 1997 00:30:45 +0100 ach $

=head1 NAME

Tk::composite - Defining a new composite widget class

=for category Derived Widgets

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    package Tk::MyNewWidget;

    use Tk:widgets qw/ list of Tk widgets /;
    use base qw/ Tk::Frame /;    # or Tk::Toplevel

    Construct Tk::Widget 'MyNewWidget';

    sub ClassInit {
        my( $class, $mw ) = @_;
        #... e.g., class bindings here ...
        $class->SUPER::ClassInit( $mw );
    }

    sub Populate {
        my( $self, $args ) = @_;

        my $flag = delete $args->{-flag};
        if( defined $flag ) {
            # handle -flag => xxx which can only be done at create
            # time the delete above ensures that new() does not try
            # and do  $self->configure( -flag => xxx );
        }

        $self->SUPER::Populate( $args );

        $self = $self->Component( ... );

        $self->Delegates( ... );

        $self->ConfigSpecs(
            '-cursor'    => [ SELF, 'cursor', 'Cursor',   undef ],
            '-something' => [ METHOD, dbName,  dbClass, default ],
            '-text'      => [ $label, dbName,  dbClass, default ],
            '-heading'   => [ {-text => $head},
                                heading, Heading,  'My Heading' ],
       ); 
   }

   sub something {
       my( $self, $value) = @_;
       if ( @_ > 1 ) {
          # set it
       }
       return # current value
   }

   1;

   __END__


   =head1 NAME

   Tk::Whatever - a whatever widget

   =head1 SYNOPSIS

     use Tk::Whatever;

     $widget = $parent->Whatever(...);

   =head1 DESCRIPTION

   ...

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The intention behind a composite is to create a higher-level widget,
sometimes called a "super-widget" or "mega-widget".  Most often,
a composite will be
built upon other widgets by B<using> them, as opposed to specializing on them.
For example, the supplied composite widget B<LabEntry> is I<made of> an
B<Entry> and a B<Label>; it is neither a I<kind-of> B<Label>
nor is it a I<kind-of> B<Entry>.

Most of the work of a composite widget consistd in creating subwidgets,
arranging to dispatch configure options to the proper subwidgets and manage
composite-specific configure options.

=head1 GLORY DETAILS

Depending on your Perl/Tk knowledge this section may be enlighting
or confusing.

=head2 Composite Widget

Since Perl/Tk is heavilly using an object-oriented approach, it is no
suprise that creating a composite goes through a B<new()> method.
However, the composite does not normally define a B<new()> method
itself: it is usually sufficient to simply inherit it from
B<Tk::Widget>.

This is what happens when the composite uses

    use base qw/ Tk::Frame /;  # or Tk::Toplevel

to specify its inheritance chain.  To complete the initialisation of the
widget, it must call the B<Construct> method from class B<Widget>.  That
method accepts the name of the new class to create, i.e. the package name
of your composite widget:

    Construct Tk::Widget 'MyNewWidget';

Here, B<MyNewWidget> is the package name (aka the widget's B<class>).  This
will define a constructor method for B<MyNewWidget>, normally named after the
widget's class.  Instanciating that composite in client code would
the look like:

    $mw = MainWindow->new;       # creates a top-level MainWindow

    $self = $mw->MyNewWidget();  # creates an instance of the
                                 # composite widget MyNewWidget

Whenever a composite is instanciated in client code,
C<Tk::Widget::new()> will be invoked via the widget's class
constructor.  That B<new> method will call

    $self->Populate(\%args);

where I<%args> is the arguments passed to the widget's constructor.  Note
that B<Populate> receives a B<reference> to the hash array
containing all arguments.

B<Populate> is typically defined in the composite class (package),
which creates the characteristic subwidgets of the class.

=head2 Creating Subwidgets

Subwidget creation happens usually in B<Populate()>.
The composite usually calls the
subwidget's constructor method either directly, for "private" subwidgets,
or indirectly through the B<Component> method for subwidgets that should
be advertised to clients.

B<Populate> may call B<Delegates> to direct calls to methods
of chosen subwidgets. For simple composites, typically most if not all
methods are directed
to a single subwidget - e.g. B<ScrListbox> directs all methods to the core
B<Listbox> so that I<$composite>-E<gt>B<get>(...) calls
I<$listbox>-E<gt>B<get>(...).

=head2 Defining mega-widget options

B<Populate> should also call B<ConfigSpecs()> to specify the
way that configure-like options should be handled in the composite.
Once B<Populate> returns, method B<Tk::Frame::ConfigDefault>
walks through the B<ConfigSpecs> entries and populates
%$args hash with defaults for options from X resources (F<.Xdefaults>, etc).

When  B<Populate> returns to B<Tk::Widget::new()>,
a call to B<$self>-E<gt>I<configure>(%$args) is made which sets *all*
the options.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Tk::ConfigSpecs|Tk::ConfigSpecs>
L<Tk::mega|Tk::mega>
L<Tk::Derived|Tk::Derived>

=cut