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/lib/recovery-mode/options/dpkg is in friendly-recovery 0.2.31.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o755.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

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#!/bin/sh

. /lib/recovery-mode/l10n.sh

if [ "$1" = "test" ]; then
  echo $(eval_gettext "Repair broken packages")
  exit 0
fi

# do some cleanup
rm -f /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*
rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*

# check and use dist-upgraders partial mode if we have it,
# it contains a lot of useful repair code
script=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/DistUpgrade/dist-upgrade.py
if [ -e $script ]; then
    env RELEASE_UPGRADER_NO_SCREEN=1 python3 "$script" --partial --frontend DistUpgradeViewText \
      --datadir /usr/share/ubuntu-release-upgrader
else
    dpkg --configure -a
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -f
    apt-get dist-upgrade
fi

echo ""
echo $(eval_gettext "Finished, please press ENTER")
read TMP

exit 0