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<div class="section" id="testapp">
<h1>TestApp<a class="headerlink" href="#testapp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="making-requests">
<h2>Making Requests<a class="headerlink" href="#making-requests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To make a request, use:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/path'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">extra_environ</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This call to <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get()</span></code> does a request for
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/path</span></code>, with any params, extra headers or WSGI
environment keys that you indicate. This returns a
<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">TestResponse</span></code> object,
based on <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">webob.response.Response</span></code>. It has some
additional methods to make it easier to test.</p>
<p>If you want to do a POST request, use:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/path'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'vars'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'values'</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">headers</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">extra_environ</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">upload_files</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Specifically the second argument of <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">post()</span></code>
is the <em>body</em> of the request. You
can pass in a dictionary (or dictionary-like object), or a string
body (dictionary objects are turned into HTML form submissions).</p>
<p>You can also pass in the keyword argument upload_files, which is a
list of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[(fieldname,</span> <span class="pre">filename,</span> <span class="pre">field_content)]</span></code>. File uploads use a
different form submission data type to pass the structured data.</p>
<p>You can use <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">put()</span></code> and
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">delete()</span></code> for PUT and DELETE requests.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="making-json-requests">
<h2>Making JSON Requests<a class="headerlink" href="#making-json-requests" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Webtest provide some facilities to test json apis.</p>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*_json</span></code> methods will transform data to json before <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">POST</span></code>/<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PUT</span></code> and
add the correct <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Content-Type</span></code> for you.</p>
<p>Also Response have an attribute <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.json</span></code> to allow you to retrieve json
contents as a python dict.</p>
<p>Doing <em>POST</em> request with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">webtest.TestApp.post_json()</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/resource/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'value'</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">POST /resource/ HTTP/1.0</span>
<span class="go">Content-Length: 27</span>
<span class="go">Content-Type: application/json</span>
<span class="gp">...</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'value'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'value'</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Doing <em>GET</em> request with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">webtest.TestApp.get()</span></code> and using <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">webtest.response.json</span></code>:</p>
<p>To just parse body of the response, use Response.json:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/resource/1/'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">GET /resource/1/ HTTP/1.0</span>
<span class="gp">...</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">json</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s">'id'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'value'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'value'</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="go">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modifying-the-environment-simulating-authentication">
<h2>Modifying the Environment & Simulating Authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#modifying-the-environment-simulating-authentication" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The best way to simulate authentication is if your application looks
in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">environ['REMOTE_USER']</span></code> to see if someone is authenticated.
Then you can simply set that value, like:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'/secret'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extra_environ</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">REMOTE_USER</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'bob'</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want <em>all</em> your requests to have this key, do:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_app</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">extra_environ</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">REMOTE_USER</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'bob'</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you have to use HTTP authorization you can use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.authorization</span></code>
property to set the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HTTP_AUTHORIZATION</span></code> key of the extra_environ
dictionnary:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">my_app</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">authorization</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Basic'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'user'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'password'</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Only Basic auth is supported for now.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="testing-a-non-wsgi-application">
<h2>Testing a non wsgi application<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-a-non-wsgi-application" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can use WebTest to test an application on a real web server.
Just pass an url to the <cite>TestApp</cite> instead of a WSGI application:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://my.cool.websi.te'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">WEBTEST_TARGET_URL</span></code> env var to switch from a WSGI
application to a real server without having to modify your code:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">'WEBTEST_TARGET_URL'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'http://my.cool.websi.te'</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wsgiapp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># will use the WEBTEST_TARGET_URL instead of the wsgiapp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By default the proxy will use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">httplib</span></code> but you can use other backends by
adding an anchor to your url:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://my.cool.websi.te#urllib3'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://my.cool.websi.te#requests'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TestApp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'http://my.cool.websi.te#restkit'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-tested-by-default">
<h2>What Is Tested By Default<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-tested-by-default" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>A key concept behind WebTest is that there’s lots of things you
shouldn’t have to check everytime you do a request. It is assumed
that the response will either be a 2xx or 3xx response; if it isn’t an
exception will be raised (you can override this for a request, of
course). The WSGI application is tested for WSGI compliance with
a slightly modified version of <a class="reference external" href="http://python.org/doc/current/lib/module-wsgiref.validate.html">wsgiref.validate</a>
(modified to support arguments to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">InputWrapper.readline</span></code>)
automatically. Also it checks that nothing is printed to the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">environ['wsgi.errors']</span></code> error stream, which typically indicates a
problem (one that would be non-fatal in a production situation, but if
you are testing is something you should avoid).</p>
<p>To indicate another status is expected, use the keyword argument
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">status=404</span></code> to (for example) check that it is a 404 status, or
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">status="*"</span></code> to allow any status, or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">status="400</span> <span class="pre">Custom</span> <span class="pre">Bad</span> <span class="pre">Request"</span></code>
to use custom reason phrase.</p>
<p>If you expect errors to be printed, use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expect_errors=True</span></code>.</p>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">TestApp</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#making-requests">Making Requests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#making-json-requests">Making JSON Requests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#modifying-the-environment-simulating-authentication">Modifying the Environment & Simulating Authentication</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#testing-a-non-wsgi-application">Testing a non wsgi application</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-tested-by-default">What Is Tested By Default</a></li>
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