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Previous: <a href="Glyphs-for-Programming.html#Glyphs-for-Programming" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Glyphs for Programming</a>, Up: <a href="Insertions.html#Insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Insertions</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Command-and-Variable-Index.html#Command-and-Variable-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="Inserting-Unicode_003a-_0040U"></a>
<h3 class="section">12.10 Inserting Unicode: <code>@U</code></h3>

<a name="index-Unicode-character_002c-inserting"></a>
<a name="index-Code-point-of-Unicode-character_002c-inserting-by"></a>
<a name="index-U"></a>

<p>The command <code>@U{<var>hex</var>}</code> inserts a representation of the
Unicode character U+<var>hex</var>.  For example, <code>@U{0132}</code>
inserts the Dutch &lsquo;IJ&rsquo; ligature (poorly shown here as simply the two
letters &lsquo;I&rsquo; and &lsquo;J&rsquo;).
</p>
<p>The <var>hex</var> value should be at least four hex digits; leading zeros
are <em>not</em> added.  In general, <var>hex</var> must specify a valid
normal Unicode character; e.g., U+10FFFF (the very last code point) is
invalid by definition, and thus cannot be inserted this way.
</p>
<a name="index-ASCII_002c-source-document-portability-using"></a>
<p><code>@U</code> is useful for inserting occasional glyphs for which Texinfo
has no dedicated command, while allowing the Texinfo source to remain
purely 7-bit ASCII for maximum portability.
</p>
<a name="index-Unicode-and-TeX"></a>
<p>This command has many limitations&mdash;the same limitations as inserting
Unicode characters in UTF-8 or another binary form.  First and most
importantly, TeX knows nothing about most of Unicode.  Supporting
specific additional glyphs upon request is possible, but it&rsquo;s not
viable for <samp>texinfo.tex</samp> to support whole additional scripts
(Japanese, Urdu, &hellip;).  The <code>@U</code> command does nothing to
change this.  If the specified character is not supported in TeX,
an error is given.  (See <a href="_0040documentencoding.html#g_t_0040documentencoding"><code>@documentencoding</code></a>.)
</p>
<a name="index-Entity-reference-in-HTML-et-al_002e"></a>
<a name="index-_0026_0023xhex_003b_002c-output-from-_0040U"></a>
<p>In HTML, XML, and Docbook, the output from <code>@U</code> is always an
entity reference of the form &lsquo;<samp>&amp;#x<var>hex</var>;</samp>&rsquo;, as in
&lsquo;<samp>&amp;#x0132;</samp>&rsquo; for the example above.  This should work even when an
HTML document uses some other encoding (say, Latin&nbsp;1) and the
given character is not supported in that encoding.
</p>
<a name="index-UTF_002d8_002c-output-from-_0040U"></a>
<p>In Info and plain text, if the document encoding is specified
explicitly to be UTF-8, the output will be the UTF-8 representation of
the character U+<var>hex</var> (presuming it&rsquo;s a valid character).  In all
other cases, the output is the ASCII sequence &lsquo;<samp>U+<var>hex</var></samp>&rsquo;, as
in the six ASCII characters &lsquo;<samp>U+0132</samp>&rsquo; for the example above.
</p>
<p>That&rsquo;s all.  No magic!
</p>

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