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<a name="Reading-Mail"></a>
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<hr>
<a name="Reading-Mail-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">2.5.4 Reading Mail</h4>

<p>To read messages from a given mailbox, use one of the following ways of
invoking <code>mail</code>:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>mail</code></dt>
<dd><p>To read messages from your system mailbox.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>mail -f</code></dt>
<dt><code>mail --file</code></dt>
<dd><p>To read messages from your mailbox (<samp>$HOME/mbox</samp>).  If the
<samp>--user</samp> option (see below) is also given, read messages
from that user&rsquo;s <samp>mbox</samp>.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>mail -f <var>path_to_mailbox</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>mail --file <var>path_to_mailbox</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>To read messages from the specified mailbox.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>mail -u <var>user</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>mail --user=<var>user</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>To read messages from the system mailbox belonging to <var>user</var>.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p><em>Please note</em>, that usual mailbox permissions won&rsquo;t allow you
to use the last variant of invocation, unless you are a super-user.
Similarly, the last but one variant is also greatly affected by the
permissions the target mailbox has.
</p>
<p>Notice that <var>path_to_mailbox</var> is not an argument to
<samp>--file</samp> (<samp>-f</samp>) option, but rather the first
non-optional argument on the command line.  Therefore, the
following three invocations are equivalent:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ mail -fin mymbox
$ mail -f mymbox -in
$ mail --file -in mymbox
$ mail --file -i mymbox -n
</pre></div>

<p>Additionally, for conformance to the GNU standards, the
following form is also accepted:
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ mail --file=mymbox -i -n
</pre></div>

<p>Unless you have started mail with <samp>--norc</samp> command line option,
it will read the contents of the system-wide configuration file.
Then it reads the contents of user configuration file, if any.
For detailed description of these files, see <a href="Mail-Configuration-Files.html#Mail-Configuration-Files">Mail Configuration Files</a>.
After this initial setup, <code>mail</code> displays the first page of header
lines and enters interactive mode.  In interactive mode, <code>mail</code>
displays its prompt (&lsquo;<samp>?</samp>&rsquo;, if not set otherwise) and executes the
commands the user enters.
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Next: <a href="Scripting.html#Scripting" accesskey="n" rel="next">Scripting</a>, Previous: <a href="Composing-Mail.html#Composing-Mail" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Composing Mail</a>, Up: <a href="mail.html#mail" accesskey="u" rel="up">mail</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-Index.html#Function-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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