/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pyavm/avm.py is in python-pyavm 0.9.2-3.
This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.
The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.
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# Copyright (c) 2011-13 Thomas P. Robitaille
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
from __future__ import print_function, division
try:
unicode
except:
basestring = unicode = str
import warnings
try:
from StringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
from io import BytesIO as StringIO
import xml.etree.ElementTree as et
from .specs import SPECS, REVERSE_SPECS
def register_namespace(tag, uri):
try:
et.register_namespace(tag, uri)
except:
et._namespace_map[uri] = tag
try:
from astropy.wcs import WCS
from astropy.io import fits
astropy_installed = True
except ImportError:
astropy_installed = False
class NoSpatialInformation(Exception):
pass
from .embed import embed_xmp
from .extract import extract_xmp
# Define namespace to tag mapping
namespaces = {}
namespaces['http://www.communicatingastronomy.org/avm/1.0/'] = 'avm'
namespaces['http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpCore/1.0/xmlns/'] = 'Iptc4xmpCore'
namespaces['http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/'] = 'dc'
namespaces['http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/'] = 'photoshop'
namespaces['http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/'] = 'xapRights'
reverse_namespaces = {}
for key in namespaces:
reverse_namespaces[namespaces[key]] = key
class NoAVMPresent(Exception):
pass
def capitalize(string):
return string[0].upper() + string[1:]
def utf8(value):
return unicode(value).encode('utf-8')
def decode_ascii(string):
try:
return string.decode('ascii')
except AttributeError: # already a string
return string
def auto_type(string):
"""
Try and convert a string to an integer or float
"""
try:
return int(string)
except:
try:
return float(string)
except:
return string
class AVMContainer(object):
def __init__(self, allow_value=False):
if allow_value:
self.value = None
self._items = {}
def __str__(self, indent=0):
string = ""
for family in self._items:
if family.startswith('_'):
continue
if type(self._items[family]) is AVMContainer:
substring = self._items[family].__str__(indent + 3)
if substring != "":
if hasattr(self._items[family], 'value'):
string += indent * " " + "%s: %s\n" % (family, utf8(self._items[family].value))
else:
string += indent * " " + "%s:\n" % family
string += substring
else:
if type(self._items[family]) is list:
string += indent * " " + "%s:\n" % family
for elem in self._items[family]:
if elem is not None:
string += indent * " " + " * %s\n" % utf8(elem)
else:
if self._items[family] is not None:
string += indent * " " + \
"%s: %s\n" % (family, utf8(self._items[family]))
return string
def __repr__(self):
return self.__str__()
def __setattr__(self, attribute, value):
if attribute in ['_items', 'value']:
object.__setattr__(self, attribute, value)
return
if attribute not in self._items:
raise Exception("%s is not a valid AVM tag" % attribute)
else:
self._items[attribute] = value
def __getattr__(self, attribute):
if attribute in self._items:
return self._items[attribute]
else:
return object.__getattr__(self, attribute)
def parse_avm_content(rdf):
avm_content = {}
for item in rdf.attrib:
# Find URI
uri, tag = item[1:].split('}')
if uri in namespaces:
avm_content[(namespaces[uri], tag)] = rdf.attrib[item]
for item in rdf:
# Find URI
uri, tag = item.tag[1:].split('}')
if uri == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#':
sub_avm_content = parse_avm_content(item)
for key in sub_avm_content:
avm_content[key] = sub_avm_content[key]
elif uri in namespaces:
if len(item) == 0:
avm_content[(namespaces[uri], tag)] = item.text
elif len(item) == 1:
c_uri, c_tag = item[0].tag[1:].split('}')
if c_uri == 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' and c_tag in ['Bag', 'Seq', 'Alt']:
avm_content[(namespaces[uri], tag)] = [x.text for x in item[0]]
else:
raise Exception("Unexpected tag %s:%s" % (c_uri, c_tag))
elif len(item) > 1:
sub_avm_content = parse_avm_content(item)
for key in sub_avm_content:
avm_content[key] = sub_avm_content[key]
return avm_content
class AVM(AVMContainer):
"""
There are several ways to initialize an AVM object:
* Initialize an empty AVM object:
>>> avm = AVM()
* Parse AVM meta-data from an existing image:
>>> avm = AVM.from_image('myexample.jpg')
* Create an AVM object from a FITS header:
>>> from astropy.io import fits
>>> header = fits.getheader('image.fits')
>>> avm = AVM.from_header(header)
* Create an AVM meta-data object from an Astropy WCS instance:
>>> from astropy.wcs import WCS
>>> from pyavm import AVM
>>> wcs = WCS('image.fits')
>>> avm = AVM.from_wcs(wcs)
View the contents of the AVM object:
>>> print(avm)
The AVM meta-data can be accessed using the attribute notation:
>>> avm.Spatial.Equinox
'J2000'
>>> avm.Publisher
'Chandra X-ray Observatory'
Tags can be modified:
>>> avm.Spatial.Equinox = "B1950"
>>> avm.Spatial.Notes = "The WCS information was updated on 04/02/2010"
Finally, it is possible to embed AVM meta-data into an image file:
>>> avm.embed('original_image.jpg', 'tagged_image.jpg')
At this time, only JPG and PNG files are supported.
"""
def __init__(self, origin=None, version=1.2):
self._items = {}
self.MetadataVersion = version
self._update_attributes()
def _update_attributes(self):
# Remove attributes that are no longer in the specs
remove_base = []
for avm_name in self._items:
item = self._items[avm_name]
if isinstance(item, AVMContainer):
remove_sub = []
for avm_subset in item._items:
full_name = '{0}.{1}'.format(avm_name, avm_subset)
if not full_name in self._specs:
if item._items[avm_subset] is not None:
warnings.warn("{0} is not defined in format specification {1} and will be deleted".format(full_name, self.MetadataVersion))
remove_sub.append(avm_subset)
for key in remove_sub:
item._items.pop(key)
else:
if not avm_name in self._specs:
if self._items[avm_name] is not None:
warnings.warn("{0} is not defined in format specification {1} and will be deleted".format(avm_name, self.MetadataVersion))
remove_base.append(avm_name)
for key in remove_base:
self._items.pop(key)
# Add any missing ones
# First pass for root-level attributes, second pass for nested ones
for iteration in range(2):
for avm_name in self._specs:
if avm_name == "MetadataVersion":
continue
if "Distance" in avm_name:
if not "Distance" in self._items:
self._items['Distance'] = AVMContainer(allow_value=True)
if iteration == 0 and not '.' in avm_name:
if avm_name not in self._items:
if "Distance" in avm_name:
self._items[avm_name] = AVMContainer(allow_value=True)
else:
self._items[avm_name] = None
elif iteration == 1 and '.' in avm_name:
family, key = avm_name.split('.')
if not family in self._items:
self._items[family] = AVMContainer()
if not key in self._items[family]._items:
self._items[family]._items[key] = None
def __dir__(self):
attributes = []
for key in self._items:
if '.' in key:
attribute = key.split('.')[0]
else:
attribute = key
if not attribute in attributes:
attributes.append(attribute)
return attributes
@property
def _specs(self):
return SPECS[self.MetadataVersion]
@property
def _reverse_specs(self):
return REVERSE_SPECS[self.MetadataVersion]
@property
def MetadataVersion(self):
if 'MetadataVersion' in self._items:
return self._items['MetadataVersion']
else:
return None
@MetadataVersion.setter
def MetadataVersion(self, value):
self._items['MetadataVersion'] = value
self._update_attributes()
def __setattr__(self, attribute, value):
if attribute in ['_items', 'MetadataVersion']:
object.__setattr__(self, attribute, value)
return
if attribute not in self._specs:
raise AttributeError("{0} is not a valid AVM group or tag in the {1} standard".format(attribute, self.MetadataVersion))
avm_class = self._specs[attribute]
value = avm_class.check_data(value)
if attribute in self._items and isinstance(self._items[attribute], AVMContainer):
if hasattr(self._items[attribute], "value"):
self._items[attribute].value = value
else:
raise AttributeError("{0} is an AVM group, not a tag".format(attribute))
else:
self._items[attribute] = value
def __getattr__(self, attribute):
if attribute in self._items:
return self._items[attribute]
else:
return object.__getattr__(self, attribute)
@classmethod
def from_image(cls, filename):
"""
Instantiate an AVM object from an existing image.
"""
# Get XMP data from file
xmp = extract_xmp(filename)
# Extract XML
start = xmp.index("<?xpacket begin=")
start = xmp.index("?>", start) + 2
end = xmp.index("</x:xmpmeta>") + 12
# Extract XML
xml = xmp[start:end]
return cls.from_xml(xml)
@classmethod
def from_xml_file(cls, filename):
"""
Instantiate an AVM object from an xml file.
"""
return cls.from_xml(open(filename, 'rb').read())
@classmethod
def from_xml(cls, xml):
"""
Instantiate an AVM object from an XML string
"""
self = cls()
# Parse XML
tree = et.parse(StringIO(xml))
root = tree.getroot()
avm_content = parse_avm_content(root)
for tag, name in avm_content:
content = avm_content[(tag, name)]
if (tag, name) in self._reverse_specs:
avm_name = self._reverse_specs[tag, name]
# Add to AVM dictionary
avm_class = self._specs[avm_name]
content = avm_class.check_data(content)
if "." in avm_name:
family, key = avm_name.split('.')
self._items[family]._items[key] = content
else:
if hasattr(self._items[avm_name], 'value'):
self._items[avm_name].value = content
else:
self._items[avm_name] = content
else:
warnings.warn("ignoring tag %s:%s" % (tag, name))
return self
def to_wcs(self, use_full_header=False, target_image=None):
"""
Convert AVM projection information into a Astropy WCS object.
Parameters
----------
use_full_header : bool, optional
Whether to use the full embedded Header if available. If set to
`False`, the WCS is determined from the regular AVM keywords.
target_image : str, optional
In some cases, the dimensions of the image containing the AVM/WCS
information is different from the dimensions of the image for which
the AVM was defined. The `target_image` option can be used to pass
the path of an image from which the size will be used to re-scale
the WCS.
"""
if not astropy_installed:
raise Exception("Astropy is required to use to_wcs()")
if repr(self.Spatial) == '':
raise NoSpatialInformation("AVM meta-data does not contain any spatial information")
if use_full_header and self.Spatial.FITSheader is not None:
print("Using full FITS header from Spatial.FITSheader")
header = fits.Header(txtfile=StringIO(self.Spatial.FITSheader))
return WCS(header)
# Initializing WCS object
wcs = WCS(naxis=2)
# Find the coordinate type
if self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame is not None:
ctype = self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame
else:
warnings.warn("Spatial.CoordinateFrame not found, assuming ICRS")
ctype = 'ICRS'
if ctype in ['ICRS', 'FK5', 'FK4']:
xcoord = "RA--"
ycoord = "DEC-"
wcs.wcs.radesys = ctype.encode('ascii')
elif ctype in ['ECL']:
xcoord = "ELON"
ycoord = "ELAT"
elif ctype in ['GAL']:
xcoord = "GLON"
ycoord = "GLAT"
elif ctype in ['SGAL']:
xcoord = "SLON"
ycoord = "SLAT"
else:
raise Exception("Unknown coordinate system: %s" % ctype)
# Find the projection type
cproj = ('%+4s' % self.Spatial.CoordsystemProjection).replace(' ', '-')
wcs.wcs.ctype[0] = (xcoord + cproj).encode('ascii')
wcs.wcs.ctype[1] = (ycoord + cproj).encode('ascii')
# Find the equinox
if self.Spatial.Equinox is None:
warnings.warn("Spatial.Equinox is not present, assuming 2000")
wcs.wcs.equinox = 2000.
elif type(self.Spatial.Equinox) is str:
if self.Spatial.Equinox == "J2000":
wcs.wcs.equinox = 2000.
elif self.Spatial.Equinox == "B1950":
wcs.wcs.equinox = 1950.
else:
try:
wcs.wcs.equinox = float(self.Spatial.Equinox)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError("Unknown equinox: %s" % self.Spatial.Equinox)
else:
wcs.wcs.equinox = float(self.Spatial.Equinox)
# Set standard WCS parameters
if self.Spatial.ReferenceDimension is not None:
wcs_naxis1, wcs_naxis2 = self.Spatial.ReferenceDimension
if hasattr(wcs, 'naxis1'): # PyWCS and Astropy < 0.4
wcs.naxis1, wcs.naxis2 = wcs_naxis1, wcs_naxis2
else:
wcs_naxis1, wcs_naxis2 = None, None
wcs.wcs.crval = self.Spatial.ReferenceValue
wcs.wcs.crpix = self.Spatial.ReferencePixel
if self.Spatial.CDMatrix is not None:
wcs.wcs.cd = [self.Spatial.CDMatrix[0:2],
self.Spatial.CDMatrix[2:4]]
elif self.Spatial.Scale is not None:
# AVM Standard 1.2:
#
# "The scale should follow the standard FITS convention for sky
# projections in which the first element is negative (indicating
# increasing RA/longitude to the left) and the second is positive.
# In practice, only the absolute value of the first term should be
# necessary to identify the pixel scale since images should always
# be presented in an undistorted 1:1 aspect ratio as they appear in
# the sky when viewed from Earth.This field can be populated from
# the FITS keywords: CDELT1, CDELT2 (or derived from CD matrix)."
#
# Therefore, we have to enforce the sign of CDELT:
wcs.wcs.cdelt[0] = - abs(self.Spatial.Scale[0])
wcs.wcs.cdelt[1] = + abs(self.Spatial.Scale[1])
if self.Spatial.Rotation is not None:
wcs.wcs.crota = self.Spatial.Rotation, self.Spatial.Rotation
# If `target_image` is set, we have to rescale the reference pixel and
# the scale
if target_image is not None:
# Find target image size
from PIL import Image
nx, ny = Image.open(target_image).size
if self.Spatial.ReferenceDimension is None:
raise ValueError("Spatial.ReferenceDimension should be set in order to determine scale in target image")
# Find scale in x and y
scale_x = nx / float(wcs_naxis1)
scale_y = ny / float(wcs_naxis2)
# Check that scales are consistent
if abs(scale_x - scale_y) / (scale_x + scale_y) * 2. < 0.01:
scale = scale_x
else:
raise ValueError("Cannot scale WCS to target image consistently in x and y direction")
wcs.wcs.cdelt /= scale
wcs.wcs.crpix *= scale
if hasattr(wcs, 'naxis1'): # PyWCS and Astropy < 0.4
wcs.naxis1 = nx
wcs.naxis2 = ny
return wcs
@classmethod
def from_header(cls, header, include_full_header=True):
"""
Instantiate an AVM object from a FITS header
"""
if not astropy_installed:
raise Exception("Astropy is required to use from_wcs()")
wcs = WCS(header)
shape = (header['NAXIS2'], header['NAXIS1'])
self = cls.from_wcs(wcs, shape=shape)
if include_full_header:
self.Spatial.FITSheader = str(header)
return self
@classmethod
def from_wcs(cls, wcs, shape=None):
"""
Instantiate an AVM object from a WCS transformation
Parameters
----------
wcs : `~astropy.wcs.WCS` instance
The WCS to convert to AVM
shape : tuple, optional
The shape of the image (using Numpy y, x order)
"""
if not astropy_installed:
raise Exception("Astropy is required to use from_wcs()")
self = cls()
# Equinox
self.Spatial.Equinox = wcs.wcs.equinox
# Projection
proj1 = wcs.wcs.ctype[0][-3:]
proj2 = wcs.wcs.ctype[1][-3:]
if proj1 == proj2:
self.Spatial.CoordsystemProjection = decode_ascii(proj1)
else:
raise Exception("Projections do not agree: %s / %s" % (proj1, proj2))
try:
self.Spatial.ReferenceDimension = [wcs.naxis1, wcs.naxis2]
except:
if shape is None:
warnings.warn("no shape specified, so Spatial.ReferenceDimension will not be set")
else:
self.Spatial.ReferenceDimension = [shape[1], shape[0]]
self.Spatial.ReferenceValue = wcs.wcs.crval.tolist()
self.Spatial.ReferencePixel = wcs.wcs.crpix.tolist()
# The following is required to cover all cases of CDELT/PC/CD
import numpy as np # will be installed if Astropy is present
cdelt = np.matrix(wcs.wcs.get_cdelt())
pc = np.matrix(wcs.wcs.get_pc())
scale = np.array(cdelt * pc)[0,:].tolist()
self.Spatial.Scale = scale
xcoord = decode_ascii(wcs.wcs.ctype[0][:4])
ycoord = decode_ascii(wcs.wcs.ctype[1][:4])
if xcoord == 'RA--' and ycoord == 'DEC-':
if wcs.wcs.radesys in ('ICRS', 'FK5', 'FK4'):
self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame = str(wcs.wcs.radesys)
else: # assume epoch-independent coordinate system
warnings.warn("RADESYS header keyword not found, assuming ICRS")
self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame = 'ICRS'
elif xcoord == 'ELON' and ycoord == 'ELAT':
self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame = 'ECL'
elif xcoord == 'GLON' and ycoord == 'GLAT':
self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame = 'GAL'
elif xcoord == 'SLON' and ycoord == 'SLAT':
self.Spatial.CoordinateFrame = 'SGAL'
else:
raise Exception("Unknown coordinate system: {0}/{1}".format(xcoord, ycoord))
try:
self.Spatial.Rotation = wcs.wcs.crota[1]
except:
pass
self.Spatial.Quality = "Full"
return self
def to_xml(self):
"""
Convert the AVM meta-data to an XML string
"""
# Register namespaces
register_namespace('x', "adobe:ns:meta/")
register_namespace('rdf', 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#')
for namespace in namespaces:
register_namespace(namespaces[namespace], namespace)
# Create containing structure
root = et.Element("{adobe:ns:meta/}xmpmeta")
trunk = et.SubElement(root, "{http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#}RDF")
branch = et.SubElement(trunk, "{http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#}Description")
self.MetadataVersion = 1.1
# Write all the elements
for name in self._items:
if isinstance(self._items[name], AVMContainer):
for key in self._items[name]._items:
if self._items[name]._items[key] is not None:
if key == "value":
avm_class = self._specs['%s' % name]
avm_class.to_xml(branch, self._items[name].value)
else:
avm_class = self._specs['%s.%s' % (name, key)]
avm_class.to_xml(branch, self._items[name]._items[key])
else:
if self._items[name] is not None and name in self._specs:
avm_class = self._specs[name]
avm_class.to_xml(branch, self._items[name])
# Create XML Tree
tree = et.ElementTree(root)
# Need to create a StringIO object to write to
s = StringIO()
tree.write(s, encoding='utf-8')
# Rewind and read the contents
s.seek(0)
xml_string = s.read()
return xml_string
def to_xmp(self):
"""
Convert the AVM meta-data to an XMP packet
"""
packet = b'<?xpacket begin="\xef\xbb\xbf" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>\n'
packet += self.to_xml()
packet += b'<?xpacket end="w"?>'
return packet
def embed(self, filename_in, filename_out, verify=False):
"""
Embed the AVM meta-data in an image file
"""
# Embed XMP packet into file
embed_xmp(filename_in, filename_out, self.to_xmp())
# Verify file if needed
if verify:
try:
from PIL import Image
except ImportError:
try:
import Image
except ImportError:
raise ImportError("PIL is required for the verify= option")
image = Image.open(filename_out)
image.verify()
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