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/usr/lib/ubuntu-mate/ubuntu-mate-welcome-rpi2-partition-resize is in ubuntu-mate-welcome 16.04.9.

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The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

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#!/bin/sh

# Copyright (c) 2012 Alex Bradbury <asb@asbradbury.org>
# Copyright (C) 2016 Martin Wimpress <code@ubuntu-mate.org>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
# the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

pass_notify() {
  # Miscellaneous information to show in notification.
  echo -n "${2}" > /tmp/notify_rpi_text

  # 0 = Success
  # 2 = /dev/root non-existent or not a symlink
  # 3 = Not an SD card.
  # 4 = Unsupported layout.
  # 5 = Not the last partition.
  echo "Finished with exit code ${1}."
  exit ${1}
}

get_init_sys() {
  if command -v systemctl > /dev/null && systemctl | grep -q '\-\.mount'; then
    SYSTEMD=1
  elif [ -f /etc/init.d/cron ] && [ ! -h /etc/init.d/cron ]; then
    SYSTEMD=0
  else
    echo "Unrecognised init system"
    return 1
  fi
}

do_expand_rootfs() {
  get_init_sys
  if [ $SYSTEMD -eq 1 ]; then
    ROOT_PART=$(mount | sed -n 's|^/dev/\(.*\) on / .*|\1|p')
  else
    if ! [ -h /dev/root ]; then
      pass_notify 2 '/dev/root'
    fi
    ROOT_PART=$(readlink /dev/root)
  fi

  PART_NUM=${ROOT_PART#mmcblk0p}
  if [ "$PART_NUM" = "$ROOT_PART" ]; then
    pass_notify 3 "$ROOT_PART"
    return 0
  fi

  # NOTE: the NOOBS partition layout confuses parted. For now, let's only
  # agree to work with a sufficiently simple partition layout
  if [ "$PART_NUM" -ne 2 ]; then
    pass_notify 4 ''
    return 0
  fi

  LAST_PART_NUM=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | tail -n 1 | cut -f 1 -d:)
  if [ $LAST_PART_NUM -ne $PART_NUM ]; then
    pass_notify 5 "$ROOT_PART"
    return 0
  fi

  # Get the starting offset of the root partition
  PART_START=$(parted /dev/mmcblk0 -ms unit s p | grep "^${PART_NUM}" | cut -f 2 -d: | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')
  [ "$PART_START" ] || return 1
  # Return value will likely be error for fdisk as it fails to reload the
  # partition table because the root fs is mounted
  fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 <<EOF
p
d
$PART_NUM
n
p
$PART_NUM
$PART_START

p
w
EOF

  # now set up an init.d script
cat <<EOF > /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          resize2fs_once
# Required-Start:
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 3
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Resize the root filesystem to fill partition
# Description:
### END INIT INFO

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "\$1" in
  start)
    log_daemon_msg "Starting resize2fs_once" &&
    /sbin/resize2fs /dev/$ROOT_PART &&
    update-rc.d resize2fs_once remove &&
    rm /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
    log_end_msg \$?
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: \$0 start" >&2
    exit 3
    ;;
esac
EOF
  chmod +x /etc/init.d/resize2fs_once &&
  update-rc.d resize2fs_once defaults &&
  touch /.resized &&
  pass_notify 1 ''
}

do_expand_rootfs
pass_notify 1 ''