This file is indexed.

/usr/include/CCfits/HDU.h is in libccfits-dev 2.4+dfsg-5.

This file is owned by root:root, with mode 0o644.

The actual contents of the file can be viewed below.

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
//	Astrophysics Science Division,
//	NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center
//	HEASARC
//	http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov
//	e-mail: ccfits@legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov
//
//	Original author: Ben Dorman

#ifndef HDU_H
#define HDU_H 1
#include <map>

// vector
#include <vector>
#include <list>
// CCfitsHeader
#include "CCfits.h"
// Keyword
#include "Keyword.h"
// NewKeyword
#include "NewKeyword.h"
// FitsError
#include "FitsError.h"
// FITSUtil
#include "FITSUtil.h"

namespace CCfits {
  class FITS;
  class FITSBase;

} // namespace CCfits
namespace CCfits {
   class HDUCreator; // Needed for friend declaration
}

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include "MSconfig.h" // for truncation warning
#endif
#include "KeywordT.h"


namespace CCfits {
        /*! \class HDU

                \brief Base class for all HDU [Header-Data Unit] objects.

                HDU objects in CCfits are either PHDU (Primary HDU objects) or	
		ExtHDU (Extension HDU) objects. Following the behavior.
ExtHDUs are further subclassed into ImageExt or Table objects, which are
finally AsciiTable or BinTable objects.

		HDU's public interface gives access to properties that are
common to all HDUs, largely required keywords, and functions that  are common
to all HDUs, principally the manipulation of keywords and their values.

		HDUs must be constructed by HDUCreator objects which are
called by FITS methods. Each HDU has an embedded pointer to a FITSBase
object, which is private to FITS [FITSBase is a pointer encapsulating the
resources of FITS. For details of this coding idiom see Exceptional C++
by Herb Sutter (2000) and references therein].


        */


        /*! \class HDU::InvalidExtensionType

		@ingroup FITSexcept
                @brief exception to be thrown if user requests extension type that can not be understood as 
                ImageExt, AsciiTable or BinTable.
        */


/*! \fn HDU::InvalidExtensionType::InvalidExtensionType (const string& diag, bool silent);

        \brief Exception ctor, prefixes the string "Fits Error: Extension Type: " before the specific message.

        \param diag A specific diagnostic message
        \param silent if true, print message whether FITS::verboseMode is set or not.

*/        

        /*! \class HDU::InvalidImageDataType

		@ingroup FITSexcept
                @brief exception to be thrown if user requests creation of an image of type not
                supported by cfitsio.
        */

/*! \fn HDU::InvalidImageDataType::InvalidImageDataType (const string& diag, bool silent);

        \brief Exception ctor, prefixes the string "Fits Error: Invalid Data Type for Image " before the specific message.

        \param diag A specific diagnostic message
        \param silent if true, print message whether FITS::verboseMode is set or not.

*/        

/*! \class HDU::NoSuchKeyword

		@ingroup FITSexcept
                @brief exception to be thrown on seek errors for keywords.
*/

/*! \fn HDU::NoSuchKeyword::NoSuchKeyword (const string& diag, bool silent);

        \brief Exception ctor, prefixes the string "Fits Error: Keyword not found:  " before the specific message.

        \param diag A specific diagnostic message, usually the name of the keyword requested.
        \param silent if true, print message whether FITS::verboseMode is set or not.

*/        

/*! \class HDU::NoNullValue

		@ingroup FITSexcept
                @brief exception to be thrown on seek errors for keywords.
*/

/*! \fn HDU::NoNullValue::NoNullValue (const string& diag, bool silent);

        \brief Exception ctor, prefixes the string "Fits Error: No Null Pixel Value specified for Image " before the specific message.

        \param diag A specific diagnostic message, the name of the HDU if not the primary.
        \param silent if true, print message whether FITS::verboseMode is set or not.

*/        

        /*! \fn      HDU::HDU(const HDU &right);

        \brief copy constructor

        */

        /*! \fn       virtual HDU::~HDU();

        \brief destructor

        */


        /*! \fn       bool HDU::operator==(const HDU &right) const;

        \brief equality operator

        */

        /*! \fn       bool HDU::operator!=(const HDU &right) const;

        \brief inequality operator

        */


        /*! \fn  const String& HDU::getHistory();
                \brief read the history information from the HDU and add it to the FITS object.

                The history string found in the header is concatenated and returned
                to the calling function
        */                

         /*! \fn  const String& HDU::getComments();
                \brief read the comments from the HDU and add it to the FITS object.

                The comment string found in the header is concatenated and returned
                to the calling function

        */   

        /*! \fn void HDU::readAllKeys();
                \brief read all of the keys in the header

                This member function reads keys that are not meta data for
                columns or image information, [which are considered to be
                part of the column or image objects]. Also, history and 
                comment keys are read and returned by getHistory() and getComment().
                The exact list of keyword classes this will read is returned by 
                the function keywordCategories().  

                Note that readAllKeys can only construct keys of type
                string, double, complex<float>, integer, and bool because
                the FITS header records do not encode exact type information.



        */

        /*! \fn void HDU::copyAllKeys (const HDU* inHdu);
              \brief copy all keys from another header

              Parameters:
              \param inHdu (const HDU*) An existing HDU whose keys will be copied.

              This will copy all keys that exist in the keyWord map
              of <i>inHDU</i>, and which belong to one of the keyword classes
              returned by the keywordCategories() function.  This is the same
              group of keyword classes used by readAllKeys().  

        */

        /*! \fn  static std::vector<int> HDU::keywordCategories ();
              \brief return the enumerated keyword categories used by readAllKeys() and copyAllKeys()

              This returns a vector of integers indicating which categories of keywords
              apply for the readAllKeys and copyAllKeys functions.  The list of categories
              currently hardcoded is:  TYP_CMPRS_KEY (20), TYP_CKSUM_KEY (100),
              TYP_WCS_KEY (110), TYP_REFSYS_KEY (120), and TYP_USER_KEY (150).

              For the list of ALL keyword categories, see the CFITSIO documentation for
              the fits_get_keyclass function.
        */

         /*! \fn void HDU::writeComment(const String& comment = "Generic Comment");                      
                \brief write a comment string. 

                A default value for the string is given ("Generic Comment String") 
                so users can put a placeholder call to this function in their code.
        */

        /*! \fn  void HDU::writeHistory (const String& history = "Generic History String");
                \brief write a history string. 

                A default value for the string is given ("Generic History String") 
                so users can put a placeholder call to this function in their code.
        */            

        /*! \fn void HDU::writeDate();
                \brief write a date string to *this.

        */ 

         /*! \fn void HDU::deleteKey(const String& doomed)
                \brief delete a keyword from the header 


                removes <i>doomed</i> from the FITS file and from the FITS object

         */

         /*! \fn const String& HDU::history() const;
                \brief return the history string previously read by getHistory()

        */  

        /*! \fn const String& HDU::comment() const;
                \brief return the comment string previously read by getComment()

        */  


        /*! \fn   template <typename T> void HDU::readKey(const String& keyName, T& val);


        \brief read a  keyword of specified type from the header of a disk  FITS file
and return its value. 

        T is one of the types String, double, float, int, std::complex<float>, and bool.
        If a Keyword object with the name <i>keyName</i> already exists in this HDU due to a previous
        read call, then this will re-read from the file and create a new Keyword object to replace
        the existing one.

        */

        /*! \fn  template <typename T> void HDU::readKeys(std::vector<String>& keyNames, std::vector<T>& vals);

        \brief read a set of specified keywords of the same data type
		from the header of a disk  FITS file and return their values

        T is one of the types String, double, float, int, std::complex<float>, and bool.


        */


        /*! \fn       virtual HDU * HDU::clone (FITSBase* p) const = 0;

        \brief virtual copy constructor, to be implemented in subclasses.

        */


        /*! \fn       void HDU::makeThisCurrent () const;

              \brief move the fitsfile pointer to this current HDU. 

		This function should never need to be called by the user
		since it is called internally whenever required.

        */


        /*! \fn       Keyword& HDU::keyWord (const String& keyName);

        \brief  return a (previously read) keyword from the HDU object.

        */


        /*! \fn       int HDU::index () const;

        \brief return the HDU number

        */

        /*! \fn       void HDU::index (int value);

        \brief set the HDU number

        */


        /*! \fn       const std::map<string,Keyword*>& HDU::keyWord () const;

        \brief  return the associative array containing the HDU Keywords that have been read so far.

        */

        /*! \fn      const Keyword& HDU::keyWord (const string& keyname) const;

        \brief return a (previously read) keyword from the HDU object. const version

        */

        /*! \fn       HDU::HDU (FITSBase* p = 0);

        \brief default constructor, called by HDU subclasses that read from FITS files.

        */

        /*! \fn       HDU::HDU (FITSBase* p, int bitpix,int naxis, const std::vector<long>& axes);

        \brief constructor for creating new HDU objects, called by HDU subclasses writing to FITS files.

        */



        /*! \fn       virtual bool HDU::compare (const HDU &right) const;

        \brief internal implementation of equality operations.

        */


        /*! \fn       fitsfile* HDU::fitsPointer () const;

        \brief return the fitsfile pointer for the FITS object containing the HDU

        */

        /*! \fn       std::map<String, Keyword*>& HDU::keyWord ();

        \brief return the associative  array containing the HDU keywords so far read.

        */



        /*! \fn       long HDU::axis (size_t index) const;

        \brief return the size of axis numbered index [zero based].

        */

        /*! \fn       void HDU::axes () const;

        \brief  return the number of axes in the HDU data section (always 2 for tables).

        */


        /*! \fn       const long HDU::bitpix () const;

        \brief return the data type keyword. 

        Takes values denoting the image data type for images, and takes the fixed value 8 for
        tables.

        */

        /*! \fn       const FITSBase *& HDU::parent () const;

        \brief return reference to the pointer representing the FITSBase object containing the HDU

        */



        /*! \fn       std::vector< long >& HDU::naxes ();

        \brief return the HDU data axis array.


        */


        /*! \fn       long HDU::axis (size_t i) const;

                \brief return the length of HDU data axis i.

        */


        /*! \fn   virtual double HDU::scale () const;

                \brief return the BSCALE keyword value

        */

        /*! \fn   virtual void HDU::scale (double value);
              \brief set the BSCALE keyword value for images (see warning for images of int type)

              For primary HDUs and image extensions, this will add (or update)
              the BSCALE keyword in the header.  The new setting will affect future 
              image array read/writes as described in section 4.7 Data Scaling of the CFITSIO manual.
              For table extensions this function does nothing. 

              WARNING: If the image contains <b>integer-type data</b> (as indicated by the bitpix() return value),
              the new scale and zero value combination must not be such that the scaled data would require a
              floating-point type (this uses the CFITSIO function fits_get_img_equivtype to make the
              determination).  If this situation occurs, the function will throw a FitsException.

        */   

        /*! \fn   virtual double HDU::zero () const;

                \brief return the BZERO keyword value

        */

        /*! \fn   virtual double HDU::zero (double value);
             \brief set the BZERO keyword value for images (see warning for images of int type)

              For primary HDUs and image extensions, this will add (or update)
              the BZERO keyword in the header.  The new setting will affect future 
              image array read/writes as described in section 4.7 Data Scaling of the CFITSIO manual.
              For table extensions this function does nothing.  

              WARNING: If the image contains <b>integer-type data</b> (as indicated by the bitpix() return value),
              the new scale and zero value combination must not be such that the scaled data would require a
              floating-point type (this uses the CFITSIO function fits_get_img_equivtype to make the
              determination).  If this situation occurs, the function will throw a FitsException.              

        */

         /*! \fn void HDU::suppressScaling (bool toggle = true);
             \brief turn off image scaling regardless of the BSCALE and BZERO keyword values

             For <i>toggle</i> = true, this turns off image scaling for future read/writes
             by resetting the scale and zero to 1.0 and 0.0 respectively.  It does NOT
             modify the BSCALE and BZERO keywords.  If <i>toggle</i> = false, the
             scale and zero values will be restored to the keyword values.

         */


        /*! \fn       template <typename T> Keyword& HDU::addKey(const String& name, T value,  const String& comment) ;

                \brief create a new keyword in the HDU with specified value and comment fields

                The function returns a reference to keyword object just created.  If a keyword
                with this name already exists, it will be overwritten.  Note that this is mostly intended
                for adding user-defined keywords.  It should not be used to add keywords for which there
                are already specific HDU functions, such as scaling or checksum. Nor should it be used for
                image or column structural keywords, such as BITPIX, NAXIS, TFORMn, etc.  As a general rule,
                it is best to use this for keywords belonging to the same categories listed in the
                keywordCategories() function.

                Parameters:
                \param name (String) The keyword name
                \param value (Recommended T = String, double, std::complex<float>, int, or bool
                \param comment (String) the keyword value

                It is possible to create a keyword with a value of any of the allowed
                data types in fitsio (see the cfitsio manual section 4.3).  However one should
                be aware that if this keyword value is read in from the file at a later time, it will 
                be stored in a templated Keyword subclass (KeyData<T>) where T will be one of
                the recommended types listed above.  Also see Keyword::value (T& val) for
                more details.                               

        */

        /*!  \fn Keyword* HDU::addKey(const Keyword* inKeyword);
            \brief create a copy of an existing Keyword and add to HDU

            This is particularly useful for copying Keywords from one HDU
            to another.  For example the inKeyword pointer might come from
            a different HDU's std::map<string,Keyword*>.  If a keyword with this
            name already exists, it will be overwritten. The return value
            is a pointer to the newly created Keyword inserted into this HDU.
            Also see copyAllKeys().
        */

        /*! \fn std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& s, const CCfits::HDU& right);

                \brief Output operator for HDU objects.  Primarily for testing purposes.

        */  

        /*! \fn   void HDU::writeChecksum ();
                \brief compute and write the DATASUM and CHECKSUM keyword values

                Wrapper for the CFITSIO function fits_write_chksum: This performs the datasum
                and checksum calculations for this HDU, as described in the CFITSIO manual.  
                If either the DATASUM or CHECKSUM keywords already exist, their values will be updated.
        */

        /*! \fn   void HDU::updateChecksum ();
                \brief update the CHECKSUM keyword value, assuming DATASUM exists and is correct

                Wrapper for the CFITSIO function fits_update_chksum: This recomputes and writes
                the CHECKSUM value with the assumption that the DATASUM value is correct.  If the 
                DATASUM keyword doesn't yet exist or is not up-to-date, use the HDU::writeChecksum 
                function instead.  This will throw a FitsError exception if called when there is 
                no DATASUM keyword in the header.
        */

        /*! \fn   std::pair<int,int> HDU::verifyChecksum () const;
                \brief verify the HDU by computing the checksums and comparing them with the 
                   CHECKSUM/DATASUM keywords

                Wrapper for the CFITSIO function fits_verify_chksum: The data unit is verified
                correctly if the computed checksum equals the DATASUM keyword value, and the
                HDU is verified if the entire checksum equals zero (see the CFITSIO manual for
                further details).  

                This returns a std::pair<int,int> where the pair's  first data member = DATAOK 
                and second = HDUOK.  DATAOK and HDUOK values will be = 1 if verified correctly,
                0 if the keyword is missing, and -1 if the computed checksum is not correct.
        */

        /*! \fn   std::pair<unsigned long,unsigned long> HDU::getChecksum () const;
                \brief compute and return the checksum values for the HDU without creating or
                   modifying the CHECKSUM/DATASUM keywords.

                Wrapper for the CFITSIO function fits_get_chksum: This returns a 
                std::pair<unsigned long, unsigned long> where the pair's first data member 
                holds the datasum value and second holds the hdusum value.  
        */



  class HDU 
  {

    public:



      class InvalidImageDataType : public FitsException  //## Inherits: <unnamed>%394FBA12005C
      {
        public:
            InvalidImageDataType (const string& diag, bool silent = true);

        protected:
        private:
        private: //## implementation
      };



      class InvalidExtensionType : public FitsException  //## Inherits: <unnamed>%3964C1D00352
      {
        public:
            InvalidExtensionType (const string& diag, bool silent = true);

        protected:
        private:
        private: //## implementation
      };



      class NoSuchKeyword : public FitsException  //## Inherits: <unnamed>%398865D10264
      {
        public:
            NoSuchKeyword (const string& diag, bool silent = true);

        protected:
        private:
        private: //## implementation
      };



      class NoNullValue : public FitsException  //## Inherits: <unnamed>%3B0D58CE0306
      {
        public:
            NoNullValue (const string& diag, bool silent = true);

        protected:
        private:
        private: //## implementation
      };
        HDU(const HDU &right);
        bool operator==(const HDU &right) const;

        bool operator!=(const HDU &right) const;

        virtual HDU * clone (FITSBase* p) const = 0;
        fitsfile* fitsPointer () const;
        FITSBase* parent () const;
        //	By all means necessary, set the fitsfile pointer so that
        //	this HDU is the current HDU.
        //
        //	This would appear to be a good candidate for the public
        //	interface.
        virtual void makeThisCurrent () const;
        const String& getComments ();
        const string& comment () const;
        //	Write a history string. A default value for the string is given
        //	"GenericComment" so users can put a placeholder call
        //	to this function in their code before knowing quite what should go in it.
        void writeComment (const String& comment = "Generic Comment");
        const String& getHistory ();
        const string& history () const;
        //	Write a history string. A default value for the string is given
        //	"Generic History String" so users can put a placeholder call
        //	to this function in their code before knowing quite what should go in it.
        void writeHistory (const String& history = "Generic History String");
        //	Write a date card.
        void writeDate ();
        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& s, const CCfits::HDU& right);
        long axes () const;
        long axis (size_t index) const;
        void index (int value);
        int index () const;
        long bitpix () const;
        virtual double scale () const;
        virtual void scale (double value);
        virtual double zero () const;
        virtual void zero (double value);
        void suppressScaling (bool toggle = true);
        void writeChecksum ();
        void updateChecksum ();
        std::pair<int,int> verifyChecksum () const;
        std::pair<unsigned long,unsigned long> getChecksum () const;
        void deleteKey (const String& doomed);
        void readAllKeys ();
        void copyAllKeys (const HDU* inHdu);
        std::map<String, Keyword*>& keyWord ();
        Keyword& keyWord (const String& keyName);
        static std::vector<int> keywordCategories ();
        const std::map<string,Keyword*>& keyWord () const;
        const Keyword& keyWord (const string& keyname) const;

    public:
      // Additional Public Declarations
      template <typename T>
      void readKey(const String& keyName, T& val);

      template <typename T>
      void readKeys(std::vector<String>& keyNames, std::vector<T>& vals);

      template <typename T>
      Keyword& addKey(const String& name, T val,  const String& comment);

      // This non-template function could be entered with Rose, but
      // it's instead placed with the other addKey function to
      // simplify the Doxygen generated doc file output.
      Keyword* addKey(const Keyword* inKeyword);

      Keyword& addKey(const String& name, const char* charString, const String& comment);

#ifdef TEMPLATE_AMBIG_DEFECT
      inline void readKeyMS(const String& keyName, int & val);
      inline void readKeys(std::vector<String>& keyNames, std::vector<String>& vals);

#endif
    protected:
        //	Functions as the default constructor, which is required for
        //	the map container class.
        HDU (FITSBase* p = 0);
        HDU (FITSBase* p, int bitpix, int naxis, const std::vector<long>& axes);
        virtual ~HDU();

        Keyword& readKeyword (const String &keyname);
        void readKeywords (std::list<String>& keynames);
        virtual std::ostream & put (std::ostream &s) const = 0;
        void bitpix (long value);
        bool checkImgDataTypeChange (double zero, double scale) const;
        long& naxis ();
        void naxis (const long& value);
        //	Flags whether there were any null values found in the
        //	last read operation.
        bool& anynul ();
        void anynul (const bool& value);
        FITSBase*& parent ();
        std::vector< long >& naxes ();
        long& naxes (size_t index);
        void naxes (size_t index, const long& value);

      // Additional Protected Declarations

    private:
        //	clear the FITS Keyword map. To be called by
        //	the dtor and the copy/assignment operations.
        void clearKeys ();
        virtual void initRead () = 0;
        void readHduInfo ();
        Keyword* addKeyword (Keyword* newKey);
        virtual bool compare (const HDU &right) const;
        //	clear the FITS Keyword map. To be called by
        //	the dtor and the copy/assignment operations.
        void copyKeys (const HDU& right);
        String getNamedLines (const String& name);
        //	save keyword found by read all keys into the array of keywords that have been read.
        //	Similar to addKeyword except there's no write and no returned value. For use by readAllKeys()
        void saveReadKeyword (Keyword* newKey);
        void zeroInit (double value);
        void scaleInit (double value);

      // Additional Private Declarations

    private: //## implementation
      // Data Members for Class Attributes
        long m_naxis;
        long m_bitpix;
        int m_index;
        bool m_anynul;
        string m_history;
        string m_comment;
        double m_zero;
        //	Floating point scale factor for image data that takes
        //	the value of the BSCALE parameter.
        double m_scale;

      // Data Members for Associations
        std::map<string,Keyword*> m_keyWord;
        FITSBase* m_parent;
        std::vector< long > m_naxes;

      // Additional Implementation Declarations
        static const size_t s_nCategories;
        static const int s_iKeywordCategories[];

      friend class HDUCreator;        
      friend Keyword* KeywordCreator::getKeyword(const String& keyname, HDU* p);
      friend Keyword* KeywordCreator::getKeyword(const String& keyname, ValueType keyType, HDU* p);
  };
  template <typename T>
  Keyword& HDU::addKey(const String& name, T value,  const String& comment)
  {
              makeThisCurrent();
              NewKeyword<T> keyCreator(this,value);
              Keyword& newKey = *(addKeyword(keyCreator.createKeyword(name,comment)));
              return newKey;
  } 

  template <typename T>
  void HDU::readKey(const String& keyName, T& val)
  {
          makeThisCurrent();
          Keyword& key = readKeyword(keyName);
          key.value(val);
  }


  template <typename T>
  void HDU::readKeys(std::vector<String>& keyNames, std::vector<T>& vals)
  {
          size_t nRead = keyNames.size();

          std::list<String> valKeys;
          std::list<T>      valList;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < nRead; i++) valKeys.push_back(keyNames[i]);
          // read all the keys requested, rejecting those that don't exist.

          readKeywords(valKeys);

          // get the values of all of the requested keys, rejecting those of the
          // wrong type.

          T current;
          std::list<String>::iterator it = valKeys.begin(); 
          while (it != valKeys.end())
          {
                  try
                  {
                          m_keyWord[*it]->value(current);
                          valList.push_back(current);       
			  ++it;
                  }
                  catch ( Keyword::WrongKeywordValueType )
                  {
                          it = valKeys.erase(it);                         
                  }
          }

          keyNames.erase(keyNames.begin(),keyNames.end());       

          if (!valList.empty())
          {
                  if (valList.size() != vals.size()) vals.resize(valList.size());

                  size_t i=0;
                  for (typename std::list<T>::const_iterator it1 
                                  = valList.begin(); it1 != valList.end(); ++it1,++i)
                  {
                          vals[i] = *it1;
                  }
                  for (std::list<String>::const_iterator it1= valKeys.begin(); it1 != valKeys.end(); ++it1)
                  {
                          keyNames.push_back(*it1);
                  }
          }

  }

  // Class CCfits::HDU::InvalidImageDataType 

  // Class CCfits::HDU::InvalidExtensionType 

  // Class CCfits::HDU::NoSuchKeyword 

  // Class CCfits::HDU::NoNullValue 

  // Class CCfits::HDU 

  inline const string& HDU::comment () const
  {
    return m_comment;
  }

  inline const string& HDU::history () const
  {
    return m_history;
  }

  inline std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& s, const CCfits::HDU& right)
  {
     return right.put(s);
  }

  inline long HDU::axes () const
  {

    return m_naxis;
  }

  inline long HDU::axis (size_t index) const
  {

    return m_naxes[index];
  }

  inline void HDU::index (int value)
  {

    m_index = value;
  }

  inline int HDU::index () const
  {
    return m_index;
  }

  inline long HDU::bitpix () const
  {
    return m_bitpix;
  }

  inline void HDU::bitpix (long value)
  {
    m_bitpix = value;
  }

  inline double HDU::scale () const
  {
    return m_scale;
  }

  inline void HDU::scale (double value)
  {
    m_scale = value;
  }

  inline double HDU::zero () const
  {
    return m_zero;
  }

  inline void HDU::zero (double value)
  {
    m_zero = value;
  }

  inline void HDU::saveReadKeyword (Keyword* newKey)
  {
    m_keyWord.insert(std::map<String,Keyword*>::value_type(newKey->name(),newKey->clone()));
  }

  inline std::map<String, Keyword*>& HDU::keyWord ()
  {

    return m_keyWord;
  }

  inline Keyword& HDU::keyWord (const String& keyName)
  {
  std::map<String,Keyword*>::iterator key = m_keyWord.find(keyName);
  if (key == m_keyWord.end()) throw HDU::NoSuchKeyword(keyName);
  return *((*key).second);
  }

  inline long& HDU::naxis ()
  {
    return m_naxis;
  }

  inline void HDU::naxis (const long& value)
  {
    m_naxis = value;
  }

  inline bool& HDU::anynul ()
  {
    return m_anynul;
  }

  inline void HDU::anynul (const bool& value)
  {
    m_anynul = value;
  }

  inline const std::map<string,Keyword*>& HDU::keyWord () const
  {
    return m_keyWord;
  }

  inline const Keyword& HDU::keyWord (const string& keyname) const
  {
  std::map<String,Keyword*>::const_iterator key = m_keyWord.find(keyname);
  if (key == m_keyWord.end()) throw HDU::NoSuchKeyword(keyname);
  return *((*key).second);
  }

  inline FITSBase*& HDU::parent ()
  {
    return m_parent;
  }

  inline std::vector< long >& HDU::naxes ()
  {
    return m_naxes;
  }

  inline long& HDU::naxes (size_t index)
  {
    return m_naxes[index];
  }

  inline void HDU::naxes (size_t index, const long& value)
  {
    m_naxes[index] = value;
  }

} // namespace CCfits
#ifdef SPEC_TEMPLATE_IMP_DEFECT
namespace CCfits {

  inline void HDU::readKeyMS(const String& keyName, int & val)
  {
          makeThisCurrent();
          Keyword& key = readKeyword(keyName);
          key.value(val);
  }

  inline void HDU::readKeys(std::vector<String>& keyNames, std::vector<String>& vals)
  {
          size_t nRead = keyNames.size();

          std::list<String> valKeys;
          std::list<String>      valList;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < nRead; i++) valKeys.push_back(keyNames[i]);
          // read all the keys requested, rejecting those that don't exist.

          readKeywords(valKeys);

          // get the values of all of the requested keys, rejecting those of the
          // wrong type.

          String current;
          std::list<String>::iterator it = valKeys.begin(); 
          while (it != valKeys.end())
          {
                  try
                  {
                          m_keyWord[*it]->value(current);
                          valList.push_back(current);       
			  ++it;
                  }
                  catch ( Keyword::WrongKeywordValueType )
                  {
                          it = valKeys.erase(it);                         
                  }
          }

          keyNames.erase(keyNames.begin(),keyNames.end());       

          if (!valList.empty())
          {
                  if (valList.size() != vals.size()) vals.resize(valList.size());

                  size_t i=0;
				  std::list<String>::const_iterator it1 = valList.begin();
                  for ( ; it1 != valList.end(); ++it1,++i)
                  {
                          vals[i] = *it1;
                  }
                  for ( it1= valKeys.begin(); it1 != valKeys.end(); ++it1)
                  {
                          keyNames.push_back(*it1);
                  }
          }

  }
}
 #endif


#endif