libtrilinos-kokkos-dev 12.4.2-2 / usr / include / trilinos / Kokkos_DualView.hpp

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/// \file Kokkos_DualView.hpp
/// \brief Declaration and definition of Kokkos::DualView.
///
/// This header file declares and defines Kokkos::DualView and its
/// related nonmember functions.

#ifndef KOKKOS_DUALVIEW_HPP
#define KOKKOS_DUALVIEW_HPP

#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
#include <impl/Kokkos_Error.hpp>

namespace Kokkos {

/* \class DualView
 * \brief Container to manage mirroring a Kokkos::View that lives
 *   in device memory with a Kokkos::View that lives in host memory.
 *
 * This class provides capabilities to manage data which exists in two
 * memory spaces at the same time.  It keeps views of the same layout
 * on two memory spaces as well as modified flags for both
 * allocations.  Users are responsible for setting the modified flags
 * manually if they change the data in either memory space, by calling
 * the sync() method templated on the device where they modified the
 * data.  Users may synchronize data by calling the modify() function,
 * templated on the device towards which they want to synchronize
 * (i.e., the target of the one-way copy operation).
 *
 * The DualView class also provides convenience methods such as
 * realloc, resize and capacity which call the appropriate methods of
 * the underlying Kokkos::View objects.
 *
 * The four template arguments are the same as those of Kokkos::View.
 * (Please refer to that class' documentation for a detailed
 * description.)
 *
 *   \tparam DataType The type of the entries stored in the container.
 *
 *   \tparam Layout The array's layout in memory.
 *
 *   \tparam Device The Kokkos Device type.  If its memory space is
 *     not the same as the host's memory space, then DualView will
 *     contain two separate Views: one in device memory, and one in
 *     host memory.  Otherwise, DualView will only store one View.
 *
 *   \tparam MemoryTraits (optional) The user's intended memory access
 *     behavior.  Please see the documentation of Kokkos::View for
 *     examples.  The default suffices for most users.
 */
template< class DataType ,
          class Arg1Type = void ,
          class Arg2Type = void ,
          class Arg3Type = void>
class DualView : public ViewTraits< DataType , Arg1Type , Arg2Type, Arg3Type >
{
public:
  //! \name Typedefs for device types and various Kokkos::View specializations.
  //@{
  typedef ViewTraits< DataType , Arg1Type , Arg2Type, Arg3Type > traits ;

  //! The Kokkos Host Device type;
  typedef typename traits::host_mirror_space host_mirror_space ;

  //! The type of a Kokkos::View on the device.
  typedef View< typename traits::data_type ,
                Arg1Type ,
                Arg2Type ,
                Arg3Type > t_dev ;

  /// \typedef t_host
  /// \brief The type of a Kokkos::View host mirror of \c t_dev.
  typedef typename t_dev::HostMirror t_host ;

  //! The type of a const View on the device.
  //! The type of a Kokkos::View on the device.
  typedef View< typename traits::const_data_type ,
                Arg1Type ,
                Arg2Type ,
                Arg3Type > t_dev_const ;

  /// \typedef t_host_const
  /// \brief The type of a const View host mirror of \c t_dev_const.
  typedef typename t_dev_const::HostMirror t_host_const;

  //! The type of a const, random-access View on the device.
  typedef View< typename traits::const_data_type ,
                typename traits::array_layout ,
                typename traits::device_type ,
                MemoryRandomAccess > t_dev_const_randomread ;

  /// \typedef t_host_const_randomread
  /// \brief The type of a const, random-access View host mirror of
  ///   \c t_dev_const_randomread.
  typedef typename t_dev_const_randomread::HostMirror t_host_const_randomread;

  //! The type of an unmanaged View on the device.
  typedef View< typename traits::data_type ,
                typename traits::array_layout ,
                typename traits::device_type ,
                MemoryUnmanaged> t_dev_um;

  //! The type of an unmanaged View host mirror of \c t_dev_um.
  typedef View< typename t_host::data_type ,
                typename t_host::array_layout ,
                typename t_host::device_type ,
                MemoryUnmanaged> t_host_um;

  //! The type of a const unmanaged View on the device.
  typedef View< typename traits::const_data_type ,
                typename traits::array_layout ,
                typename traits::device_type ,
                MemoryUnmanaged> t_dev_const_um;

  //! The type of a const unmanaged View host mirror of \c t_dev_const_um.
  typedef View<typename t_host::const_data_type,
               typename t_host::array_layout,
               typename t_host::device_type,
               MemoryUnmanaged> t_host_const_um;

  //@}
  //! \name The two View instances.
  //@{

  t_dev d_view;
  t_host h_view;

  //@}
  //! \name Counters to keep track of changes ("modified" flags)
  //@{

  View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> modified_device;
  View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> modified_host;

  //@}
  //! \name Constructors
  //@{

  /// \brief Empty constructor.
  ///
  /// Both device and host View objects are constructed using their
  /// default constructors.  The "modified" flags are both initialized
  /// to "unmodified."
  DualView () :
    modified_device (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_device")),
    modified_host (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_host"))
  {}

  /// \brief Constructor that allocates View objects on both host and device.
  ///
  /// This constructor works like the analogous constructor of View.
  /// The first argument is a string label, which is entirely for your
  /// benefit.  (Different DualView objects may have the same label if
  /// you like.)  The arguments that follow are the dimensions of the
  /// View objects.  For example, if the View has three dimensions,
  /// the first three integer arguments will be nonzero, and you may
  /// omit the integer arguments that follow.
  DualView (const std::string& label,
            const size_t n0 = 0,
            const size_t n1 = 0,
            const size_t n2 = 0,
            const size_t n3 = 0,
            const size_t n4 = 0,
            const size_t n5 = 0,
            const size_t n6 = 0,
            const size_t n7 = 0)
    : d_view (label, n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7)
    , h_view (create_mirror_view (d_view)) // without UVM, host View mirrors
    , modified_device (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_device"))
    , modified_host (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_host"))
  {}

  //! Copy constructor (shallow copy)
  template<class SS, class LS, class DS, class MS>
  DualView (const DualView<SS,LS,DS,MS>& src) :
    d_view (src.d_view),
    h_view (src.h_view),
    modified_device (src.modified_device),
    modified_host (src.modified_host)
  {}

  /// \brief Create DualView from existing device and host View objects.
  ///
  /// This constructor assumes that the device and host View objects
  /// are synchronized.  You, the caller, are responsible for making
  /// sure this is the case before calling this constructor.  After
  /// this constructor returns, you may use DualView's sync() and
  /// modify() methods to ensure synchronization of the View objects.
  ///
  /// \param d_view_ Device View
  /// \param h_view_ Host View (must have type t_host = t_dev::HostMirror)
  DualView (const t_dev& d_view_, const t_host& h_view_) :
    d_view (d_view_),
    h_view (h_view_),
    modified_device (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_device")),
    modified_host (View<unsigned int,LayoutLeft,typename t_host::execution_space> ("DualView::modified_host"))
  {
    Impl::assert_shapes_are_equal (d_view.shape (), h_view.shape ());
  }

  //@}
  //! \name Methods for synchronizing, marking as modified, and getting Views.
  //@{

  /// \brief Return a View on a specific device \c Device.
  ///
  /// Please don't be afraid of the if_c expression in the return
  /// value's type.  That just tells the method what the return type
  /// should be: t_dev if the \c Device template parameter matches
  /// this DualView's device type, else t_host.
  ///
  /// For example, suppose you create a DualView on Cuda, like this:
  /// \code
  /// typedef Kokkos::DualView<float, Kokkos::LayoutRight, Kokkos::Cuda> dual_view_type;
  /// dual_view_type DV ("my dual view", 100);
  /// \endcode
  /// If you want to get the CUDA device View, do this:
  /// \code
  /// typename dual_view_type::t_dev cudaView = DV.view<Kokkos::Cuda> ();
  /// \endcode
  /// and if you want to get the host mirror of that View, do this:
  /// \code
  /// typedef typename Kokkos::HostSpace::execution_space host_device_type;
  /// typename dual_view_type::t_host hostView = DV.view<host_device_type> ();
  /// \endcode
  template< class Device >
  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
  const typename Impl::if_c<
    Impl::is_same<typename t_dev::memory_space,
                          typename Device::memory_space>::value,
    t_dev,
    t_host>::type& view () const
  {
    return Impl::if_c<
      Impl::is_same<
        typename t_dev::memory_space,
        typename Device::memory_space>::value,
      t_dev,
      t_host >::select (d_view , h_view);
  }

  /// \brief Update data on device or host only if data in the other
  ///   space has been marked as modified.
  ///
  /// If \c Device is the same as this DualView's device type, then
  /// copy data from host to device.  Otherwise, copy data from device
  /// to host.  In either case, only copy if the source of the copy
  /// has been modified.
  ///
  /// This is a one-way synchronization only.  If the target of the
  /// copy has been modified, this operation will discard those
  /// modifications.  It will also reset both device and host modified
  /// flags.
  ///
  /// \note This method doesn't know on its own whether you modified
  ///   the data in either View.  You must manually mark modified data
  ///   as modified, by calling the modify() method with the
  ///   appropriate template parameter.
  template<class Device>
  void sync( const typename Impl::enable_if<
        ( Impl::is_same< typename traits::data_type , typename traits::non_const_data_type>::value) ||
        ( Impl::is_same< Device , int>::value)
        , int >::type& = 0)
  {
    const unsigned int dev =
      Impl::if_c<
        Impl::is_same<
          typename t_dev::memory_space,
          typename Device::memory_space>::value ,
        unsigned int,
        unsigned int>::select (1, 0);

    if (dev) { // if Device is the same as DualView's device type
      if ((modified_host () > 0) && (modified_host () >= modified_device ())) {
        deep_copy (d_view, h_view);
        modified_host() = modified_device() = 0;
      }
    } else { // hopefully Device is the same as DualView's host type
      if ((modified_device () > 0) && (modified_device () >= modified_host ())) {
        deep_copy (h_view, d_view);
        modified_host() = modified_device() = 0;
      }
    }
    if(Impl::is_same<typename t_host::memory_space,typename t_dev::memory_space>::value) {
      t_dev::execution_space::fence();
      t_host::execution_space::fence();
    }
  }

  template<class Device>
  void sync ( const typename Impl::enable_if<
      ( ! Impl::is_same< typename traits::data_type , typename traits::non_const_data_type>::value ) ||
      ( Impl::is_same< Device , int>::value)
      , int >::type& = 0 )
  {
    const unsigned int dev =
      Impl::if_c<
        Impl::is_same<
          typename t_dev::memory_space,
          typename Device::memory_space>::value,
        unsigned int,
        unsigned int>::select (1, 0);
    if (dev) { // if Device is the same as DualView's device type
      if ((modified_host () > 0) && (modified_host () >= modified_device ())) {
        Impl::throw_runtime_exception("Calling sync on a DualView with a const datatype.");
      }
    } else { // hopefully Device is the same as DualView's host type
      if ((modified_device () > 0) && (modified_device () >= modified_host ())) {
        Impl::throw_runtime_exception("Calling sync on a DualView with a const datatype.");
      }
    }
  }

  template<class Device>
  bool need_sync()
  {
    const unsigned int dev =
      Impl::if_c<
        Impl::is_same<
          typename t_dev::memory_space,
          typename Device::memory_space>::value ,
        unsigned int,
        unsigned int>::select (1, 0);

    if (dev) { // if Device is the same as DualView's device type
      if ((modified_host () > 0) && (modified_host () >= modified_device ())) {
        return true;
      }
    } else { // hopefully Device is the same as DualView's host type
      if ((modified_device () > 0) && (modified_device () >= modified_host ())) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  /// \brief Mark data as modified on the given device \c Device.
  ///
  /// If \c Device is the same as this DualView's device type, then
  /// mark the device's data as modified.  Otherwise, mark the host's
  /// data as modified.
  template<class Device>
  void modify () {
    const unsigned int dev =
      Impl::if_c<
        Impl::is_same<
          typename t_dev::memory_space,
          typename Device::memory_space>::value,
        unsigned int,
        unsigned int>::select (1, 0);

    if (dev) { // if Device is the same as DualView's device type
      // Increment the device's modified count.
      modified_device () = (modified_device () > modified_host () ?
                            modified_device () : modified_host ()) + 1;
    } else { // hopefully Device is the same as DualView's host type
      // Increment the host's modified count.
      modified_host () = (modified_device () > modified_host () ?
                          modified_device () : modified_host ())  + 1;
    }
  }

  //@}
  //! \name Methods for reallocating or resizing the View objects.
  //@{

  /// \brief Reallocate both View objects.
  ///
  /// This discards any existing contents of the objects, and resets
  /// their modified flags.  It does <i>not</i> copy the old contents
  /// of either View into the new View objects.
  void realloc( const size_t n0 = 0 ,
           const size_t n1 = 0 ,
           const size_t n2 = 0 ,
           const size_t n3 = 0 ,
           const size_t n4 = 0 ,
           const size_t n5 = 0 ,
           const size_t n6 = 0 ,
           const size_t n7 = 0 ) {
    ::Kokkos::realloc(d_view,n0,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7);
     h_view = create_mirror_view( d_view );

     /* Reset dirty flags */
     modified_device() = modified_host() = 0;
  }

  /// \brief Resize both views, copying old contents into new if necessary.
  ///
  /// This method only copies the old contents into the new View
  /// objects for the device which was last marked as modified.
  void resize( const size_t n0 = 0 ,
           const size_t n1 = 0 ,
           const size_t n2 = 0 ,
           const size_t n3 = 0 ,
           const size_t n4 = 0 ,
           const size_t n5 = 0 ,
           const size_t n6 = 0 ,
           const size_t n7 = 0 ) {
   if(modified_device() >= modified_host()) {
     /* Resize on Device */
     ::Kokkos::resize(d_view,n0,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7);
     h_view = create_mirror_view( d_view );

     /* Mark Device copy as modified */
     modified_device() = modified_device()+1;

   } else {
     /* Realloc on Device */

     ::Kokkos::realloc(d_view,n0,n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,n7);
     t_host temp_view = create_mirror_view( d_view );

     /* Remap on Host */
     Kokkos::deep_copy( temp_view , h_view );

     h_view = temp_view;

     /* Mark Host copy as modified */
     modified_host() = modified_host()+1;
   }
  }

  //@}
  //! \name Methods for getting capacity, stride, or dimension(s).
  //@{

  //! The allocation size (same as Kokkos::View::capacity).
  size_t capacity() const {
#if defined( KOKKOS_USING_EXPERIMENTAL_VIEW )
    return d_view.span();
#else
    return d_view.capacity();
#endif
  }

  //! Get stride(s) for each dimension.
  template< typename iType>
  void stride(iType* stride_) const {
    d_view.stride(stride_);
  }

  /* \brief return size of dimension 0 */
  size_t dimension_0() const {return d_view.dimension_0();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 1 */
  size_t dimension_1() const {return d_view.dimension_1();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 2 */
  size_t dimension_2() const {return d_view.dimension_2();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 3 */
  size_t dimension_3() const {return d_view.dimension_3();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 4 */
  size_t dimension_4() const {return d_view.dimension_4();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 5 */
  size_t dimension_5() const {return d_view.dimension_5();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 6 */
  size_t dimension_6() const {return d_view.dimension_6();}
  /* \brief return size of dimension 7 */
  size_t dimension_7() const {return d_view.dimension_7();}

  //@}
};

} // namespace Kokkos
//
// Partial specializations of Kokkos::subview() for DualView objects.
//

namespace Kokkos {
namespace Impl {

template< class SrcDataType , class SrcArg1Type , class SrcArg2Type , class SrcArg3Type
        , class SubArg0_type , class SubArg1_type , class SubArg2_type , class SubArg3_type
        , class SubArg4_type , class SubArg5_type , class SubArg6_type , class SubArg7_type
        >
struct ViewSubview< DualView< SrcDataType , SrcArg1Type , SrcArg2Type , SrcArg3Type  >
                  , SubArg0_type , SubArg1_type , SubArg2_type , SubArg3_type
                  , SubArg4_type , SubArg5_type , SubArg6_type , SubArg7_type >
{
private:

  typedef DualView< SrcDataType , SrcArg1Type , SrcArg2Type , SrcArg3Type >  SrcViewType ;

  enum { V0 = Impl::is_same< SubArg0_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V1 = Impl::is_same< SubArg1_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V2 = Impl::is_same< SubArg2_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V3 = Impl::is_same< SubArg3_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V4 = Impl::is_same< SubArg4_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V5 = Impl::is_same< SubArg5_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V6 = Impl::is_same< SubArg6_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { V7 = Impl::is_same< SubArg7_type , void >::value ? 1 : 0 };

  // The source view rank must be equal to the input argument rank
  // Once a void argument is encountered all subsequent arguments must be void.
  enum { InputRank =
    Impl::StaticAssert<( SrcViewType::rank ==
                         ( V0 ? 0 : (
                           V1 ? 1 : (
                           V2 ? 2 : (
                           V3 ? 3 : (
                           V4 ? 4 : (
                           V5 ? 5 : (
                           V6 ? 6 : (
                           V7 ? 7 : 8 ))))))) ))
                       &&
                       ( SrcViewType::rank ==
                         ( 8 - ( V0 + V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 + V6 + V7 ) ) )
    >::value ? SrcViewType::rank : 0 };

  enum { R0 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg0_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R1 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg1_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R2 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg2_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R3 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg3_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R4 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg4_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R5 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg5_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R6 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg6_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };
  enum { R7 = Impl::ViewOffsetRange< SubArg7_type >::is_range ? 1 : 0 };

  enum { OutputRank = unsigned(R0) + unsigned(R1) + unsigned(R2) + unsigned(R3)
                    + unsigned(R4) + unsigned(R5) + unsigned(R6) + unsigned(R7) };

  // Reverse
  enum { R0_rev = 0 == InputRank ? 0u : (
                  1 == InputRank ? unsigned(R0) : (
                  2 == InputRank ? unsigned(R1) : (
                  3 == InputRank ? unsigned(R2) : (
                  4 == InputRank ? unsigned(R3) : (
                  5 == InputRank ? unsigned(R4) : (
                  6 == InputRank ? unsigned(R5) : (
                  7 == InputRank ? unsigned(R6) : unsigned(R7) ))))))) };

  typedef typename SrcViewType::array_layout  SrcViewLayout ;

  // Choose array layout, attempting to preserve original layout if at all possible.
  typedef typename Impl::if_c<
     ( // Same Layout IF
       // OutputRank 0
       ( OutputRank == 0 )
       ||
       // OutputRank 1 or 2, InputLayout Left, Interval 0
       // because single stride one or second index has a stride.
       ( OutputRank <= 2 && R0 && Impl::is_same<SrcViewLayout,LayoutLeft>::value )
       ||
       // OutputRank 1 or 2, InputLayout Right, Interval [InputRank-1]
       // because single stride one or second index has a stride.
       ( OutputRank <= 2 && R0_rev && Impl::is_same<SrcViewLayout,LayoutRight>::value )
     ), SrcViewLayout , Kokkos::LayoutStride >::type OutputViewLayout ;

  // Choose data type as a purely dynamic rank array to accomodate a runtime range.
  typedef typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 0 , typename SrcViewType::value_type ,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 1 , typename SrcViewType::value_type *,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 2 , typename SrcViewType::value_type **,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 3 , typename SrcViewType::value_type ***,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 4 , typename SrcViewType::value_type ****,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 5 , typename SrcViewType::value_type *****,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 6 , typename SrcViewType::value_type ******,
          typename Impl::if_c< OutputRank == 7 , typename SrcViewType::value_type *******,
                                                 typename SrcViewType::value_type ********
  >::type >::type >::type >::type >::type >::type >::type >::type  OutputData ;

  // Choose space.
  // If the source view's template arg1 or arg2 is a space then use it,
  // otherwise use the source view's execution space.

  typedef typename Impl::if_c< Impl::is_space< SrcArg1Type >::value , SrcArg1Type ,
          typename Impl::if_c< Impl::is_space< SrcArg2Type >::value , SrcArg2Type , typename SrcViewType::execution_space
  >::type >::type OutputSpace ;

public:

  // If keeping the layout then match non-data type arguments
  // else keep execution space and memory traits.
  typedef typename
    Impl::if_c< Impl::is_same< SrcViewLayout , OutputViewLayout >::value
              , Kokkos::DualView< OutputData , SrcArg1Type , SrcArg2Type , SrcArg3Type >
              , Kokkos::DualView< OutputData , OutputViewLayout , OutputSpace
                            , typename SrcViewType::memory_traits >
              >::type  type ;
};

} /* namespace Impl */
} /* namespace Kokkos */

namespace Kokkos {

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , void , void , void
                          , void , void , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , void , void , void
                 , void , void , void , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}


template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , void , void
                          , void , void , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , void , void
                 , void , void , void , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , void
                          , void , void , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , void
                 , void , void , void , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 , class ArgType3 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                          , void , void , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 ,
         const ArgType3 & arg3 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                 , void , void , void , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 , class ArgType3 ,
          class ArgType4 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                          , ArgType4 , void , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 ,
         const ArgType3 & arg3 ,
         const ArgType4 & arg4 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                 , ArgType4 , void , void ,void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 , class ArgType3 ,
          class ArgType4 , class ArgType5 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                          , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , void , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 ,
         const ArgType3 & arg3 ,
         const ArgType4 & arg4 ,
         const ArgType5 & arg5 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                 , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , void , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 , class ArgType3 ,
          class ArgType4 , class ArgType5 , class ArgType6 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                          , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , ArgType6 , void
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 ,
         const ArgType3 & arg3 ,
         const ArgType4 & arg4 ,
         const ArgType5 & arg5 ,
         const ArgType6 & arg6 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                 , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , ArgType6 , void
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

template< class D , class A1 , class A2 , class A3 ,
          class ArgType0 , class ArgType1 , class ArgType2 , class ArgType3 ,
          class ArgType4 , class ArgType5 , class ArgType6 , class ArgType7 >
typename Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                          , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                          , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , ArgType6 , ArgType7
                          >::type
subview( const DualView<D,A1,A2,A3> & src ,
         const ArgType0 & arg0 ,
         const ArgType1 & arg1 ,
         const ArgType2 & arg2 ,
         const ArgType3 & arg3 ,
         const ArgType4 & arg4 ,
         const ArgType5 & arg5 ,
         const ArgType6 & arg6 ,
         const ArgType7 & arg7 )
{
  typedef typename
    Impl::ViewSubview< DualView<D,A1,A2,A3>
                 , ArgType0 , ArgType1 , ArgType2 , ArgType3
                 , ArgType4 , ArgType5 , ArgType6 , ArgType7
                 >::type
      DstViewType ;
  DstViewType sub_view;
  sub_view.d_view = subview(src.d_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7);
  sub_view.h_view = subview(src.h_view,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,arg6,arg7);
  sub_view.modified_device = src.modified_device;
  sub_view.modified_host = src.modified_host;
  return sub_view;
}

//
// Partial specialization of Kokkos::deep_copy() for DualView objects.
//

template< class DT , class DL , class DD , class DM ,
          class ST , class SL , class SD , class SM >
void
deep_copy (DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM> dst, // trust me, this must not be a reference
           const DualView<ST,SL,SD,SM>& src )
{
  if (src.modified_device () >= src.modified_host ()) {
    deep_copy (dst.d_view, src.d_view);
    dst.template modify<typename DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM>::device_type> ();
  } else {
    deep_copy (dst.h_view, src.h_view);
    dst.template modify<typename DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM>::host_mirror_space> ();
  }
}

template< class ExecutionSpace ,
          class DT , class DL , class DD , class DM ,
          class ST , class SL , class SD , class SM >
void
deep_copy (const ExecutionSpace& exec ,
           DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM> dst, // trust me, this must not be a reference
           const DualView<ST,SL,SD,SM>& src )
{
  if (src.modified_device () >= src.modified_host ()) {
    deep_copy (exec, dst.d_view, src.d_view);
    dst.template modify<typename DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM>::device_type> ();
  } else {
    deep_copy (exec, dst.h_view, src.h_view);
    dst.template modify<typename DualView<DT,DL,DD,DM>::host_mirror_space> ();
  }
}

} // namespace Kokkos

#endif